fix(card): images in title-group overlapping content

[devversion]

• Fixes that mat-card-$breakpoint-image images overlap the card content when placed inside of the title group.

@jelbourn Made it in a way that should be non-breaking for those using the xl-image outside of the mat-card-title-group. For those who use it inside of the title-group it can be considered a normal issue fix.

Fixes #10031

[jelbourn]

Would it be simpler to just make the xl image consistent with the rest?

[devversion]

I think it would be good to bring this change without breaking changes into the next patch release.

The extra CSS to avoid the breaking change is pretty small and can be removed and made consistent as soon as we make breaking changes.

For now the high priority is just to fix the images overlapping the content when used inside of a title group

(also xl is basically consistent within the the title group now)

[devversion]

@jelbourn Please let me know how we should proceed with that one. As mentioned on Slack, I consider this important because using images in card's seems to be a pretty common thing.

[jelbourn]

LGTM

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