GH-44761: [GLib] Add garrow_table_validate()

[hiroyuki-sato]

Rationale for this change

Table::Validate is available in the C++ API.
But, GLib doesn't support that method yet.

What changes are included in this PR?

This PR adds a validation method in the table class.
Before this change, the Validate() method was used in
garrow_table_new_values(), garrow_table_new_arrays(),
and garrow_table_new_chunked_arrays() functions implicitly.
This PR removes them and adds it as a separate method.
Users need to call garrow_table_validate() explicitly by themselves.
This is a backward incompatible change.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

This PR includes breaking changes to public APIs.

• GitHub Issue: [GLib] Add garrow_table_validate() #44761

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #44761 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[kou]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 4 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 2cbc7d6.

There were 8 benchmark results with an error:

• Commit Run on arm64-t4g-2xlarge-linux at 2025-02-05 04:50:41Z
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=native, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-03, scale_factor=1
  • tpch (R) with engine=arrow, format=parquet, language=R, memory_map=False, query_id=TPCH-03, scale_factor=1
• and 6 more (see the report linked below)

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 6 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.