[YAML] fix renaming provider caching and YAML schema validation (#29271)

[Polber]

Cherry pick #29271 for 2.52.0 release.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #29290 (1833795) into release-2.52.0 (71e9895) will decrease coverage by 0.04%.
The diff coverage is 0.00%.

@@                Coverage Diff                 @@
##           release-2.52.0   #29290      +/-   ##
==================================================
- Coverage           38.31%   38.28%   -0.04%     
==================================================
  Files                 688      689       +1     
  Lines              101880   101974      +94     
==================================================
+ Hits                39037    39039       +2     
- Misses              61262    61354      +92     
  Partials             1581     1581              

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	29.88% <0.00%> (-0.04%)	⬇️

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Files	Coverage Δ
sdks/python/apache_beam/yaml/yaml_provider.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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