[SPARK-23815][CORE] Spark writer dynamic partition overwrite mode may…

… fail to write output on multi level partition

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Spark introduced new writer mode to overwrite only related partitions in SPARK-20236. While we are using this feature in our production cluster, we found a bug when writing multi-level partitions on HDFS.

A simple test case to reproduce this issue:
val df = Seq(("1","2","3")).toDF("col1", "col2","col3")
df.write.partitionBy("col1","col2").mode("overwrite").save("/my/hdfs/location")

If HDFS location "/my/hdfs/location" does not exist, there will be no output.

This seems to be caused by the job commit change in SPARK-20236 in HadoopMapReduceCommitProtocol.

In the commit job process, the output has been written into staging dir /my/hdfs/location/.spark-staging.xxx/col1=1/col2=2, and then the code calls fs.rename to rename /my/hdfs/location/.spark-staging.xxx/col1=1/col2=2 to /my/hdfs/location/col1=1/col2=2. However, in our case the operation will fail on HDFS because /my/hdfs/location/col1=1 does not exists. HDFS rename can not create directory for more than one level.

This does not happen in the new unit test added with SPARK-20236 which uses local file system.

We are proposing a fix. When cleaning current partition dir /my/hdfs/location/col1=1/col2=2 before the rename op, if the delete op fails (because /my/hdfs/location/col1=1/col2=2 may not exist), we call mkdirs op to create the parent dir /my/hdfs/location/col1=1 (if the parent dir does not exist) so the following rename op can succeed.

Reference: in official HDFS document(https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/filesystem/filesystem.html), the rename command has precondition "dest must be root, or have a parent that exists"

## How was this patch tested?

We have tested this patch on our production cluster and it fixed the problem

Author: Fangshi Li <[email protected]>

Closes #20931 from fangshil/master.

core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/internal/io/HadoopMapReduceCommitProtocol.scala

@@ -186,7 +186,17 @@ class HadoopMapReduceCommitProtocol(
         logDebug(s"Clean up default partition directories for overwriting: $partitionPaths")
         for (part <- partitionPaths) {
           val finalPartPath = new Path(path, part)
-          fs.delete(finalPartPath, true)
+          if (!fs.delete(finalPartPath, true) && !fs.exists(finalPartPath.getParent)) {
+            // According to the official hadoop FileSystem API spec, delete op should assume
+            // the destination is no longer present regardless of return value, thus we do not
+            // need to double check if finalPartPath exists before rename.
+            // Also in our case, based on the spec, delete returns false only when finalPartPath
+            // does not exist. When this happens, we need to take action if parent of finalPartPath
+            // also does not exist(e.g. the scenario described on SPARK-23815), because
+            // FileSystem API spec on rename op says the rename dest(finalPartPath) must have
+            // a parent that exists, otherwise we may get unexpected result on the rename.
+            fs.mkdirs(finalPartPath.getParent)
+          }
           fs.rename(new Path(stagingDir, part), finalPartPath)
         }
       }