Add extended version information to `wasmtime --version` #20428

Job	Run time
Determine CI jobs to run	5s
Rustfmt	44s
Clang format	12s
Doc build	0s
Cargo vet	0s
Cargo deny	0s
Check	0s
Test Linux x86_64	14m 39s
Build wasi-preview1-component-adapter	0s
Check Windows ARM64	0s
Fuzz Targets	0s
Test wasi-nn module	0s
Run benchmarks	0s
Meta deterministic check	0s
Miri	0s
verify-publish	0s
Release build for ${{ matrix.build }}	0s
Record the result of testing and building steps	1s
push-tag	0s
	15m 41s

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