added modular nuclear

scripts/_fes_helpers.py

@@ -582,3 +582,21 @@ def get_industrial_hydrogen_demand(scenario, year):
 
     df.columns = [pd.Timestamp(dt).year for dt in df.columns]
     return df.loc[scenario_mapper[scenario], year] * 1e6
+
+
+def get_modular_nuclear_capacity(scenario, year):
+    """De factor nuclear capcaity in GW"""
+
+    col = string.ascii_uppercase.index("J")
+    df = (
+        pd.read_excel(data_file,
+            sheet_name="ES.20",
+            header=8,
+            index_col=0,
+            nrows=4,
+            usecols=[col+i for i in range(30)],
+            )
+    )
+
+    df.columns = [pd.Timestamp(dt).year for dt in df.columns]
+    return df.loc[scenario_mapper[scenario], year] * 1e3

scripts/build_fes_constraints.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     get_data_point,
     get_interconnector_capacity,
     get_distributed_generation,
+    get_modular_nuclear_capacity,
     )
 from _helpers import configure_logging
 
@@ -101,6 +102,13 @@
         "attr": "p_nom",
         "value": val,
         "sense": "==",})
+
+    val = get_modular_nuclear_capacity(fes, year)
+    caps.loc[len(caps)] = pd.Series({
+        "carrier": "modular nuclear",
+        "attr": "p_nom",
+        "value": val,
+        "sense": "==",})
 
 
     """

scripts/prepare_network.py

@@ -1749,6 +1749,46 @@ def add_hydrogen_demand(n, scenario, year, costs):
     )
 
 
+def add_modular_nuclear(n):
+    """
+    Adding modular nuclear reactors to the system 
+
+    cost assumptions taken from nuclear generators
+    """    
+
+    logger.warning('Taking cost and efficiency assumptions for modular nuclear from nuclear generators.')
+    nodes = spatial.nodes
+
+    idx = n.generators.loc[(n.generators.carrier == "nuclear") & n.generators.bus.isin(nodes)].index
+
+    params = (
+        n.generators
+        .loc[
+            idx,
+            ['efficiency', 'capital_cost', 'marginal_cost', 'p_max_pu']]
+            .mean()
+    )
+    assert params.notna().all(), "Some parameters are missing for modular nuclear."
+
+    n.madd(
+        "Generator",
+        nodes + " modular nuclear",
+        bus=nodes,
+        carrier="modular nuclear",
+        p_max_pu=params['p_max_pu'],
+        efficiency=params['efficiency'],
+        capital_cost=params['capital_cost'],
+        marginal_cost=params['marginal_cost'],
+        p_nom_extendable=True,
+        ramp_limit_up=0.05, # oversimplified but targets realistic baseload operation
+        ramp_limit_down=0.05, # see for instance 
+    )
+    # The benefits of nuclear flexibility in power system operations with renewable energy, 
+    # Jenkins et al, 2018
+
+    n.generators.loc[idx, ['ramp_limit_up', 'ramp_limit_down']] = 0.05
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     if "snakemake" not in globals():
         from _helpers import mock_snakemake
@@ -1824,6 +1864,9 @@ def add_hydrogen_demand(n, scenario, year, costs):
     logger.info(("\n Net change in atmospheric CO2: ",
         f"{np.around(net_change_atmospheric_co2, decimals=2)} MtCO2."))
 
+    logger.info("Adding modular nuclear capacity.")
+    add_modular_nuclear(n)
+
     logger.info("Scaling conventional generators to match FES.")
     scale_generation_capacity(n, snakemake.input.capacity_constraints, opts)
 

scripts/solve_network.py

@@ -624,8 +624,8 @@ def extra_functionality(n, snapshots):
 
     if not "100percent" in snakemake.wildcards.opts.split("-"):
 
-        carriers = ["solar", "onwind", "offwind", "solar rooftop"]
-        pypsa_carriers = ["solar", "onwind", ["offwind-ac", "offwind-dc"], "solar rooftop"]
+        carriers = ["solar", "onwind", "offwind", "solar rooftop", "modular nuclear"]
+        pypsa_carriers = ["solar", "onwind", ["offwind-ac", "offwind-dc"], "solar rooftop", "modular nuclear"]
 
         for carrier, pypsa_carrier in zip(carriers, pypsa_carriers):
             value = cc.at[carrier, "value"]