feat: support specifying columns to include in the "Attach table" statement

[dantengsky]

I hereby agree to the terms of the CLA available at: https://docs.databend.com/dev/policies/cla/

Summary

Allow optionally specifying which columns to include in the 'Attach table' statement.

e.g.

To create a table named test_tbl that attaches to the path 's3://databend-toronto/1/556/' and includes only the columns col1 and col2, you can use the following SQL statement:

ATTACH TABLE `test_tbl`  (col1, col2) 's3://databend-toronto/1/556/';

---

Suppose the table base is being attached:

create or replace table base(c1 string, c2 string, c3 string, c4 string) ...

• Try Including columns which do not exist in the base table will fail

e.g. attach table attach_tbl (c2, c_not_exist) .... will fail

• Dropping non-included columns from base does not matter

  e.g.

   -- attach to base table
  attach table attach_tbl (c2, c4) ....; 
  
  alter table base drop column c1;
  
  -- should still work
  select * from attach_tbl;
  

• Renaming included columns of base does not matter

  e.g.

   -- attach to base table
  attach table attach_tbl (c2, c4) ....; 
  
  alter table base rename column c2 to c2_new;
  
  -- should still work
  select * from attach_tbl;
  select c2_new from attach_tbl;
  
  -- but the old column name is NO longer available
  select c2 from attach_tbl; -- this will fail
  

• Column that have been dropped from base table will be inaccessible

  e.g.

   -- attach to base table
  attach table attach_tbl (c2_new, c4) ....; 
  
  alter table base drop column c4;
  
  -- this will fail
  select c4 from attach_tbl;
  
  -- but this should work
  select c2_new from attach_tbl;
  

  select * should still work, as long as there is at least one column left:

   -- should still work
  select * from attach_tbl;
  

  if all the attached columns have been dropped from the base table, attach_tbl can no longer be scanned:

  -- remove c4 from base
  alter table base drop column c4;
  
  -- this will fail
  select * from attach_tbl; 
  

• fixes: Feature: Support specifying columns to include in the "Attach table" statement. #17439

Tests

• Unit Test
• Logic Test
• Benchmark Test
• No Test - Explain why

Type of change

• Bug Fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New Feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking Change (fix or feature that could cause existing functionality not to work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Refactoring
• Performance Improvement
• Other (please describe):

---

This change is 

[wubx]

LGTM

[wubx]

cc @soyeric128 need update docs