Support Series and Python primitives in inplace_predict and QDM

python-package/xgboost/core.py

@@ -2220,17 +2220,15 @@ def inplace_predict(
         preds = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_float)()
 
         # once caching is supported, we can pass id(data) as cache id.
-        args = {
-            "type": 0,
-            "training": False,
-            "iteration_begin": iteration_range[0],
-            "iteration_end": iteration_range[1],
-            "missing": missing,
-            "strict_shape": strict_shape,
-            "cache_id": 0,
-        }
-        if predict_type == "margin":
-            args["type"] = 1
+        args = make_jcargs(
+            type=1 if predict_type == "margin" else 0,
+            training=False,
+            iteration_begin=iteration_range[0],
+            iteration_end=iteration_range[1],
+            missing=missing,
+            strict_shape=strict_shape,
+            cache_id=0,
+        )
         shape = ctypes.POINTER(c_bst_ulong)()
         dims = c_bst_ulong()
 
@@ -2243,6 +2241,18 @@ def inplace_predict(
             proxy = None
             p_handle = ctypes.c_void_p()
         assert proxy is None or isinstance(proxy, _ProxyDMatrix)
+
+        from .data import (
+            _array_interface,
+            _is_cudf_df,
+            _is_cupy_array,
+            _is_list,
+            _is_pandas_df,
+            _is_pandas_series,
+            _is_tuple,
+            _transform_pandas_df,
+        )
+
         if validate_features:
             if not hasattr(data, "shape"):
                 raise TypeError(
@@ -2254,19 +2264,16 @@ def inplace_predict(
                     f"got {data.shape[1]}"
                 )
 
-        from .data import (
-            _array_interface,
-            _is_cudf_df,
-            _is_cupy_array,
-            _is_pandas_df,
-            _transform_pandas_df,
-        )
-
         enable_categorical = True
+        if _is_pandas_series(data):
+            import pandas as pd
+            data = pd.DataFrame(data)
         if _is_pandas_df(data):
             data, fns, _ = _transform_pandas_df(data, enable_categorical)
             if validate_features:
                 self._validate_features(fns)
+        if _is_list(data) or _is_tuple(data):
+            data = np.array(data)
 
         if isinstance(data, np.ndarray):
             from .data import _ensure_np_dtype
@@ -2276,7 +2283,7 @@ def inplace_predict(
                 _LIB.XGBoosterPredictFromDense(
                     self.handle,
                     _array_interface(data),
-                    from_pystr_to_cstr(json.dumps(args)),
+                    args,
                     p_handle,
                     ctypes.byref(shape),
                     ctypes.byref(dims),
@@ -2293,7 +2300,7 @@ def inplace_predict(
                     _array_interface(csr.indices),
                     _array_interface(csr.data),
                     c_bst_ulong(csr.shape[1]),
-                    from_pystr_to_cstr(json.dumps(args)),
+                    args,
                     p_handle,
                     ctypes.byref(shape),
                     ctypes.byref(dims),
@@ -2310,7 +2317,7 @@ def inplace_predict(
                 _LIB.XGBoosterPredictFromCudaArray(
                     self.handle,
                     interface_str,
-                    from_pystr_to_cstr(json.dumps(args)),
+                    args,
                     p_handle,
                     ctypes.byref(shape),
                     ctypes.byref(dims),
@@ -2331,7 +2338,7 @@ def inplace_predict(
                 _LIB.XGBoosterPredictFromCudaColumnar(
                     self.handle,
                     interfaces_str,
-                    from_pystr_to_cstr(json.dumps(args)),
+                    args,
                     p_handle,
                     ctypes.byref(shape),
                     ctypes.byref(dims),

python-package/xgboost/data.py

@@ -958,12 +958,12 @@ def dispatch_data_backend(
         return _from_list(data, missing, threads, feature_names, feature_types)
     if _is_tuple(data):
         return _from_tuple(data, missing, threads, feature_names, feature_types)
-    if _is_pandas_df(data):
-        return _from_pandas_df(data, enable_categorical, missing, threads,
-                               feature_names, feature_types)
     if _is_pandas_series(data):
-        return _from_pandas_series(
-            data, missing, threads, enable_categorical, feature_names, feature_types
+        import pandas as pd
+        data = pd.DataFrame(data)
+    if _is_pandas_df(data):
+        return _from_pandas_df(
+            data, enable_categorical, missing, threads, feature_names, feature_types
         )
     if _is_cudf_df(data) or _is_cudf_ser(data):
         return _from_cudf_df(
@@ -1205,6 +1205,9 @@ def _proxy_transform(
         return data, None, feature_names, feature_types
     if _is_scipy_csr(data):
         return data, None, feature_names, feature_types
+    if _is_pandas_series(data):
+        import pandas as pd
+        data = pd.DataFrame(data)
     if _is_pandas_df(data):
         arr, feature_names, feature_types = _transform_pandas_df(
             data, enable_categorical, feature_names, feature_types

python-package/xgboost/testing/data.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ def np_dtypes(
     for dtype in dtypes:
         X = np.array(orig, dtype=dtype)
         yield orig, X
+        yield orig.tolist(), X.tolist()
 
     for dtype in dtypes:
         X = np.array(orig, dtype=dtype)
@@ -101,6 +102,11 @@ def pd_dtypes() -> Generator:
                 {"f0": [1.0, 2.0, Null, 3.0], "f1": [3.0, 2.0, Null, 1.0]}, dtype=dtype
             )
             yield orig, df
+            ser_orig = orig["f0"]
+            ser = df["f0"]
+            assert isinstance(ser, pd.Series)
+            assert isinstance(ser_orig, pd.Series)
+            yield ser_orig, ser
 
     # Categorical
     orig = orig.astype("category")

tests/python/test_predict.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 from scipy import sparse
-from xgboost.testing.data import np_dtypes
+from xgboost.testing.data import np_dtypes, pd_dtypes
 from xgboost.testing.shared import validate_leaf_output
 
 import xgboost as xgb
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ def test_base_margin(self):
         from_dmatrix = booster.predict(dtrain)
         np.testing.assert_allclose(from_dmatrix, from_inplace)
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(**tm.no_pandas())
     def test_dtypes(self) -> None:
         for orig, x in np_dtypes(self.rows, self.cols):
             predt_orig = self.booster.inplace_predict(orig)
@@ -246,3 +247,17 @@ def test_dtypes(self) -> None:
             X: np.ndarray = np.array(orig, dtype=dtype)
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                 self.booster.inplace_predict(X)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(**tm.no_pandas())
+    def test_pd_dtypes(self) -> None:
+        from pandas.api.types import is_bool_dtype
+        for orig, x in pd_dtypes():
+            dtypes = orig.dtypes if isinstance(orig, pd.DataFrame) else [orig.dtypes]
+            if isinstance(orig, pd.DataFrame) and is_bool_dtype(dtypes[0]):
+                continue
+            y = np.arange(x.shape[0])
+            Xy = xgb.DMatrix(orig, y, enable_categorical=True)
+            booster = xgb.train({"tree_method": "hist"}, Xy, num_boost_round=1)
+            predt_orig = booster.inplace_predict(orig)
+            predt = booster.inplace_predict(x)
+            np.testing.assert_allclose(predt, predt_orig)

tests/python/test_with_pandas.py

@@ -298,22 +298,29 @@ def test_cv_as_pandas(self):
         assert 'auc' not in cv.columns[0]
         assert 'error' in cv.columns[0]
 
-    def test_nullable_type(self) -> None:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("DMatrixT", [xgb.DMatrix, xgb.QuantileDMatrix])
+    def test_nullable_type(self, DMatrixT) -> None:
         from pandas.api.types import is_categorical
 
-        for DMatrixT in (xgb.DMatrix, xgb.QuantileDMatrix):
-            for orig, df in pd_dtypes():
+        for orig, df in pd_dtypes():
+            if hasattr(df.dtypes, "__iter__"):
                 enable_categorical = any(is_categorical for dtype in df.dtypes)
-
-                m_orig = DMatrixT(orig, enable_categorical=enable_categorical)
-                # extension types
-                m_etype = DMatrixT(df, enable_categorical=enable_categorical)
-                # different from pd.BooleanDtype(), None is converted to False with bool
-                if any(dtype == "bool" for dtype in orig.dtypes):
-                    assert not tm.predictor_equal(m_orig, m_etype)
-                else:
-                    assert tm.predictor_equal(m_orig, m_etype)
-
+            else:
+                # series
+                enable_categorical = is_categorical(df.dtype)
+
+            m_orig = DMatrixT(orig, enable_categorical=enable_categorical)
+            # extension types
+            m_etype = DMatrixT(df, enable_categorical=enable_categorical)
+            # different from pd.BooleanDtype(), None is converted to False with bool
+            if hasattr(orig.dtypes, "__iter__") and any(
+                dtype == "bool" for dtype in orig.dtypes
+            ):
+                assert not tm.predictor_equal(m_orig, m_etype)
+            else:
+                assert tm.predictor_equal(m_orig, m_etype)
+
+            if isinstance(df, pd.DataFrame):
                 f0 = df["f0"]
                 with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Label contains NaN"):
                     xgb.DMatrix(df, f0, enable_categorical=enable_categorical)