Support calling C++ and Rust methods

Cargo.toml

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ anyhow = "1.0"
 cc = "1.0.49"
 codespan-reporting = "0.9"
 cxxbridge-macro = { version = "=0.2.9", path = "macro" }
+itertools = "0.9"
 link-cplusplus = "1.0"
 proc-macro2 = { version = "1.0", features = ["span-locations"] }
 quote = "1.0"

README.md

@@ -84,8 +84,10 @@ mod ffi {
 
         // Functions implemented in C++.
         fn make_demo(appname: &str) -> UniquePtr<ThingC>;
-        fn get_name(thing: &ThingC) -> &CxxString;
         fn do_thing(state: SharedThing);
+
+        // Methods implemented in C++.
+        fn get_name(self: &ThingC) -> &CxxString;
     }
 
     extern "Rust" {
@@ -95,6 +97,9 @@ mod ffi {
 
         // Functions implemented in Rust.
         fn print_r(r: &ThingR);
+
+        // Methods implemented in Rust.
+        fn print(self: &ThingR);
     }
 }
 ```
@@ -335,8 +340,6 @@ This is still early days for CXX; I am releasing it as a minimum viable product
 to collect feedback on the direction and invite collaborators. Here are some of
 the facets that I still intend for this project to tackle:
 
-- [ ] Support associated methods: `extern "Rust" { fn f(self: &Struct); }`
-- [ ] Support C++ member functions
 - [ ] Support structs with type parameters
 - [ ] Support async functions
 

demo-cxx/demo.cc

@@ -9,13 +9,19 @@ ThingC::ThingC(std::string appname) : appname(std::move(appname)) {}
 
 ThingC::~ThingC() { std::cout << "done with ThingC" << std::endl; }
 
+const std::string &ThingC::get_name() const {
+  std::cout << "I'm a C++ method!" << std::endl;
+  return this->appname;
+}
+
 std::unique_ptr<ThingC> make_demo(rust::Str appname) {
   return std::unique_ptr<ThingC>(new ThingC(std::string(appname)));
 }
 
-const std::string &get_name(const ThingC &thing) { return thing.appname; }
-
-void do_thing(SharedThing state) { print_r(*state.y); }
+void do_thing(SharedThing state) {
+  print_r(*state.y);
+  state.y->print();
+}
 
 } // namespace example
 } // namespace org

demo-cxx/demo.h

@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@ class ThingC {
   ~ThingC();
 
   std::string appname;
+
+  const std::string &get_name() const;
 };
 
 struct SharedThing;
 
 std::unique_ptr<ThingC> make_demo(rust::Str appname);
-const std::string &get_name(const ThingC &thing);
 void do_thing(SharedThing state);
 
 } // namespace example

demo-rs/src/main.rs

@@ -11,13 +11,15 @@ mod ffi {
 
         type ThingC;
         fn make_demo(appname: &str) -> UniquePtr<ThingC>;
-        fn get_name(thing: &ThingC) -> &CxxString;
+        fn get_name(self: &ThingC) -> &CxxString;
         fn do_thing(state: SharedThing);
+
     }
 
     extern "Rust" {
         type ThingR;
         fn print_r(r: &ThingR);
+        fn print(self: &ThingR);
     }
 }
 
@@ -27,9 +29,15 @@ fn print_r(r: &ThingR) {
     println!("called back with r={}", r.0);
 }
 
+impl ThingR {
+    fn print(&self) {
+        println!("method called back with r={}", self.0);
+    }
+}
+
 fn main() {
     let x = ffi::make_demo("demo of cxx::bridge");
-    println!("this is a {}", ffi::get_name(x.as_ref().unwrap()));
+    println!("this is a {}", x.as_ref().unwrap().get_name());
 
     ffi::do_thing(ffi::SharedThing {
         z: 222,

gen/write.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ use crate::gen::namespace::Namespace;
 use crate::gen::out::OutFile;
 use crate::gen::{include, Opt};
 use crate::syntax::atom::Atom::{self, *};
-use crate::syntax::{Api, ExternFn, Signature, Struct, Type, Types, Var};
+use crate::syntax::{Api, ExternFn, ExternType, Receiver, Signature, Struct, Type, Types, Var};
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use proc_macro2::Ident;
 
 pub(super) fn gen(
@@ -44,10 +45,30 @@ pub(super) fn gen(
         }
     }
 
+    let methods_for_type = apis.iter().filter_map(|api| match api {
+        Api::RustFunction(efn) => match &efn.sig.receiver {
+            Some(rcvr) => Some((&rcvr.ident, efn)),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+        _ => None,
+    }).into_group_map();
+
     for api in apis {
-        if let Api::Struct(strct) = api {
-            out.next_section();
-            write_struct(out, strct);
+        match api {
+            Api::Struct(strct) => {
+                out.next_section();
+                write_struct(out, strct);
+            }
+            Api::RustType(ety) => {
+                match methods_for_type.get(&ety.ident) {
+                    Some(methods) => {
+                        out.next_section();
+                        write_struct_with_methods(out, ety, methods);
+                    },
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
         }
     }
 
@@ -300,6 +321,21 @@ fn write_struct_using(out: &mut OutFile, ident: &Ident) {
     writeln!(out, "using {} = {};", ident, ident);
 }
 
+fn write_struct_with_methods(out: &mut OutFile, ety: &ExternType, methods: &Vec<&ExternFn>) {
+    for line in ety.doc.to_string().lines() {
+        writeln!(out, "//{}", line);
+    }
+    writeln!(out, "struct {} final {{", ety.ident);
+    for method in methods {
+        write!(out, "  ");
+        let sig = &method.sig;
+        let local_name = method.ident.to_string();
+        write_rust_function_shim_decl(out, &local_name, sig, None, false);
+        writeln!(out, ";");
+    }
+    writeln!(out, "}};");
+}
+
 fn write_exception_glue(out: &mut OutFile, apis: &[Api]) {
     let mut has_cxx_throws = false;
     for api in apis {
@@ -326,9 +362,16 @@ fn write_cxx_function_shim(out: &mut OutFile, efn: &ExternFn, types: &Types) {
     } else {
         write_extern_return_type_space(out, &efn.ret, types);
     }
-    write!(out, "{}cxxbridge02${}(", out.namespace, efn.ident);
+    let receiver_type = match &efn.receiver {
+        Some(base) => base.ident.to_string(),
+        None => "_".to_string(),
+    };
+    write!(out, "{}cxxbridge02${}${}(", out.namespace, receiver_type, efn.ident);
+    if let Some(base) = &efn.receiver {
+        write!(out, "{} *__receiver$", base.ident);
+    }
     for (i, arg) in efn.args.iter().enumerate() {
-        if i > 0 {
+        if i > 0 || efn.receiver.is_some() {
             write!(out, ", ");
         }
         if arg.ty == RustString {
@@ -347,14 +390,27 @@ fn write_cxx_function_shim(out: &mut OutFile, efn: &ExternFn, types: &Types) {
     writeln!(out, ") noexcept {{");
     write!(out, "  ");
     write_return_type(out, &efn.ret);
-    write!(out, "(*{}$)(", efn.ident);
+    match &efn.receiver {
+        None => write!(out, "(*{}$)(", efn.ident),
+        Some(base) => write!(out, "({}::*{}$)(", base.ident, efn.ident),
+    }
     for (i, arg) in efn.args.iter().enumerate() {
         if i > 0 {
             write!(out, ", ");
         }
         write_type(out, &arg.ty);
     }
-    writeln!(out, ") = {};", efn.ident);
+    write!(out, ")");
+    match &efn.receiver {
+        Some(Receiver { mutability: None, ident: _ }) => write!(out, " const"),
+        _ => {},
+    }
+    write!(out, " = ");
+    match &efn.receiver {
+        None => write!(out, "{}", efn.ident),
+        Some(base) => write!(out, "&{}::{}", base.ident, efn.ident),
+    }
+    writeln!(out, ";");
     write!(out, "  ");
     if efn.throws {
         writeln!(out, "::rust::Str::Repr throw$;");
@@ -377,7 +433,10 @@ fn write_cxx_function_shim(out: &mut OutFile, efn: &ExternFn, types: &Types) {
         }
         _ => {}
     }
-    write!(out, "{}$(", efn.ident);
+    match &efn.receiver {
+        None => write!(out, "{}$(", efn.ident),
+        Some(_) => write!(out, "(__receiver$->*{}$)(", efn.ident),
+    }
     for (i, arg) in efn.args.iter().enumerate() {
         if i > 0 {
             write!(out, ", ");
@@ -452,7 +511,11 @@ fn write_function_pointer_trampoline(
 }
 
 fn write_rust_function_decl(out: &mut OutFile, efn: &ExternFn, types: &Types) {
-    let link_name = format!("{}cxxbridge02${}", out.namespace, efn.ident);
+    let receiver_type = match &efn.receiver {
+        Some(base) => base.ident.to_string(),
+        None => "_".to_string(),
+    };
+    let link_name = format!("{}cxxbridge02${}${}", out.namespace, receiver_type, efn.ident);
     let indirect_call = false;
     write_rust_function_decl_impl(out, &link_name, efn, types, indirect_call);
 }
@@ -471,6 +534,10 @@ fn write_rust_function_decl_impl(
     }
     write!(out, "{}(", link_name);
     let mut needs_comma = false;
+    if let Some(base) = &sig.receiver {
+        write!(out, "{} &__receiver$", base.ident);
+        needs_comma = true;
+    }
     for arg in &sig.args {
         if needs_comma {
             write!(out, ", ");
@@ -500,20 +567,26 @@ fn write_rust_function_shim(out: &mut OutFile, efn: &ExternFn, types: &Types) {
         writeln!(out, "//{}", line);
     }
     let local_name = efn.ident.to_string();
-    let invoke = format!("{}cxxbridge02${}", out.namespace, efn.ident);
+    let receiver_type = match &efn.receiver {
+        Some(base) => base.ident.to_string(),
+        None => "_".to_string(),
+    };
+    let invoke = format!("{}cxxbridge02${}${}", out.namespace, receiver_type, efn.ident);
     let indirect_call = false;
     write_rust_function_shim_impl(out, &local_name, efn, types, &invoke, indirect_call);
 }
 
-fn write_rust_function_shim_impl(
+fn write_rust_function_shim_decl(
     out: &mut OutFile,
     local_name: &str,
     sig: &Signature,
-    types: &Types,
-    invoke: &str,
+    receiver: Option<&Receiver>,
     indirect_call: bool,
 ) {
     write_return_type(out, &sig.ret);
+    if let Some(base) = receiver {
+        write!(out, "{}::", base.ident);
+    }
     write!(out, "{}(", local_name);
     for (i, arg) in sig.args.iter().enumerate() {
         if i > 0 {
@@ -532,6 +605,21 @@ fn write_rust_function_shim_impl(
     if !sig.throws {
         write!(out, " noexcept");
     }
+}
+
+fn write_rust_function_shim_impl(
+    out: &mut OutFile,
+    local_name: &str,
+    sig: &Signature,
+    types: &Types,
+    invoke: &str,
+    indirect_call: bool,
+) {
+    if out.header && sig.receiver.is_some() {
+        // We've already defined this inside the struct.
+        return;
+    }
+    write_rust_function_shim_decl(out, local_name, sig, sig.receiver.as_ref(), indirect_call);
     if out.header {
         writeln!(out, ";");
     } else {
@@ -570,8 +658,11 @@ fn write_rust_function_shim_impl(
             write!(out, "::rust::Str::Repr error$ = ");
         }
         write!(out, "{}(", invoke);
+        if let Some(_) = &sig.receiver {
+            write!(out, "*this");
+        }
         for (i, arg) in sig.args.iter().enumerate() {
-            if i > 0 {
+            if i > 0 || sig.receiver.is_some() {
                 write!(out, ", ");
             }
             match &arg.ty {