Reland "Add FlutterMacOS.xcframework artifact (#143244)"

[vashworth]

Reland #143244. It was reverted due to #144251, which is fixed by flutter/engine#51023.

Pre-launch Checklist

• I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
• I read the Tree Hygiene wiki page, which explains my responsibilities.
• I read and followed the Flutter Style Guide, including Features we expect every widget to implement.
• I signed the CLA.
• I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above.
• I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
• I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is test-exempt.
• I followed the breaking change policy and added Data Driven Fixes where supported.
• All existing and new tests are passing.

If you need help, consider asking for advice on the #hackers-new channel on Discord.

[vashworth]

Validated benchmarks (hello_world_macos__compile) did not regress:

Benchmarks with old FlutterMacOS.framework:
https://ci.chromium.org/ui/p/flutter/builders/prod/Mac_benchmark%20hello_world_macos__compile/6652/overview

"data": {
     "app_framework_uncompressed_bytes": 2830896,
     "flutter_framework_uncompressed_bytes": 26631392,
     "release_initial_compile_millis": 42609,
     "release_size_bytes": 15992591,
     "release_full_compile_millis": 24077,
     "debug_initial_compile_millis": 20973,
     "debug_full_compile_millis": 21254,
     "debug_second_compile_millis": 6985,
     "debug_compile_after_edit_millis": 9044
   },

Benchmarks with new FlutterMacOS.xcframework:
https://luci-milo.appspot.com/raw/build/logs.chromium.org/flutter/led/vashworth_google.com/50704fdd2433010c52de0cb3c5e3e6406e51a9679ca451f0b6d806a5baafa0c6/+/build.proto

"data": {
     "app_framework_uncompressed_bytes": 2830896,
     "flutter_framework_uncompressed_bytes": 26631392,
     "release_initial_compile_millis": 37785,
     "release_size_bytes": 15992609,
     "release_full_compile_millis": 25895,
     "debug_initial_compile_millis": 21123,
     "debug_full_compile_millis": 20865,
     "debug_second_compile_millis": 7191,
     "debug_compile_after_edit_millis": 9079
   },