Add Ubuntu Jammy CI

[scpeters]

🎉 New feature

Part of gazebo-tooling/release-tools#566

Summary

We support Jammy for Fortress onwards, and we're ready to test it in CI.

Test it

Run GitHub actions CI.

Checklist

• Signed all commits for DCO
• Added tests
• Added example and/or tutorial
• Updated documentation (as needed)
• Updated migration guide (as needed)
• codecheck passed (See contributing)
• All tests passed (See test coverage)
• While waiting for a review on your PR, please help review another open pull request to support the maintainers

Note to maintainers: Remember to use Squash-Merge and edit the commit message to match the pull request summary while retaining Signed-off-by messages.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #293 (73b7ef2) into ign-transport11 (e02bd8b) will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           ign-transport11     #293   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage            89.06%   89.06%           
================================================
  Files                   51       51           
  Lines                 4772     4772           
================================================
  Hits                  4250     4250           
  Misses                 522      522           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/cmd/topic_main.cc	96.49% <ø> (ø)

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