fix: Carthage Xcode 14 compatibility issue

[philipphofmann]

📜 Description

Build XCFramework with Xcode 14.2, use BUILD_LIBRARY_FOR_DISTRIBUTION, and validate that Xcode 14 and 13 can compile the sample project using the XCFramework.

💡 Motivation and Context

Fixes GH-2628

💚 How did you test it?

CI.

📝 Checklist

• I reviewed the submitted code
• I added tests to verify the changes
• I updated the docs if needed
• Review from the native team if needed
• No breaking changes

🔮 Next steps

[github-actions]

	Fails
🚫	Please consider adding a changelog entry for the next release.

Instructions and example for changelog

Please add an entry to CHANGELOG.md to the "Unreleased" section. Make sure the entry includes this PR's number.

Example:

## Unreleased

- Carthage Xcode 14 compatibility issue ([#2636](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-cocoa/pull/2636))

If none of the above apply, you can opt out of this check by adding #skip-changelog to the PR description.

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