Supplement the document on how to compress executable file size

docs/docs/开发工具/交叉编译-build.md

@@ -89,3 +89,244 @@ $ gf build
 2020-12-31 00:36:22.994 go build -o ./bin/windows_amd64/gf.exe main.go
 2020-12-31 00:36:25.795 done!
 ```
+## 减少可执行文件的大小
+在实际开发过程中如果使用`k8s`和`docker`进行发布部署，且集群规模较大，那么内网带宽以及镜像大小会降低`k8s`拉区镜像的速度。
+
+为了解决这个问题我们通常需要裁剪`docker`基础镜像以及编译更小的可执行文件，如何剪裁制作更小`docker`基础镜像请根据实际项目进行调整。
+
+这里介绍下最常用的减少可执行文件的两种常规做法。
+
+最常用的两种方法：
+- 移除调试信息
+- upx压缩可执行文件
+### 移除调试信息
+我们以`gf`项目中的[quick-demo](https://github.com/gogf/quick-demo)项目为例演示，使用如下编译参数。
+```yaml
+gfcli:
+  build:
+    name: "quick-demo"
+    arch: "amd64"
+    system: "linux,darwin,windows"
+    packSrc: "resource,manifest"
+    version: "v1.0.0"
+    path: "target"
+```
+
+`gf build`编译后产生如下可执行文件，三个可执行文件的大小都是21M。
+
+![build-result.png](build_result.png)
+
+三个可执行文件的大小都是21M。然后我们增加编译参数`extra: "-ldflags=\"-s -w\""`
+
+- `-s`: 忽略符号表达式和调试信息
+- `-w`: 忽略DWARFv3调试信息，使用此选项后无法使用gdb进行调试
+
+```yaml
+gfcli:
+  build:
+    name: "quick-demo"
+    arch: "amd64"
+    system: "linux,darwin,windows"
+    packSrc: "resource,manifest"
+    version: "v1.0.0"
+    path: "target"
+    extra: "-ldflags=\"-s -w\""
+```
+重新编译后可执行文件的大小降低至`15M`且可以正常启动。
+
+### upx压缩可执行文件
+`UPX 是一种高级可执行文件压缩工具。UPX 通常可以将程序和 DLL 的文件大小减少约 50%-70%，从而减少磁盘空间、网络负载时间、下载时间以及其他分发和存储成本。`
+
+在 `windows` 和 `linux` 可以下载安装包或者使用对应的包管理器安装。
+
+在`macos`上我们可以通过`brew install upx`安装`upx`。
+
+`UPX` 有许多参数，其中最重要的是压缩比，范围从 1 到 13, 1 代表最低压缩比，13 代表最高压缩比。
+
+
+
+
+```shell
+$ brew install upx
+```
+```shell
+$ upx --version
+upx 4.2.4
+UCL data compression library 1.03
+zlib data compression library 1.3.1.1-motley
+LZMA SDK version 4.43
+doctest C++ testing framework version 2.4.11
+Copyright (C) 1996-2024 Markus Franz Xaver Johannes Oberhumer
+Copyright (C) 1996-2024 Laszlo Molnar
+Copyright (C) 2000-2024 John F. Reiser
+Copyright (C) 1995-2024 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler
+Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Igor Pavlov
+Copyright (C) 2016-2023 Viktor Kirilov
+UPX comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'upx -L'.
+```
+```shell
+$ upx --help                    
+                       Ultimate Packer for eXecutables
+                          Copyright (C) 1996 - 2024
+UPX 4.2.4       Markus Oberhumer, Laszlo Molnar & John Reiser    May 9th 2024
+
+Usage: upx [-123456789dlthVL] [-qvfk] [-o file] file..
+
+Commands:
+  -1     compress faster                   -9    compress better
+  --best compress best (can be slow for big files)
+  -d     decompress                        -l    list compressed file
+  -t     test compressed file              -V    display version number
+  -h     give this help                    -L    display software license
+
+Options:
+  -q     be quiet                          -v    be verbose
+  -oFILE write output to 'FILE'
+  -f     force compression of suspicious files
+  --no-color, --mono, --color, --no-progress   change look
+
+Compression tuning options:
+  --lzma              try LZMA [slower but tighter than NRV]
+  --brute             try all available compression methods & filters [slow]
+  --ultra-brute       try even more compression variants [very slow]
+
+Backup options:
+  -k, --backup        keep backup files
+  --no-backup         no backup files [default]
+
+Overlay options:
+  --overlay=copy      copy any extra data attached to the file [default]
+  --overlay=strip     strip any extra data attached to the file [DANGEROUS]
+  --overlay=skip      don't compress a file with an overlay
+
+File system options:
+  --force-overwrite   force overwrite of output files
+  --link              preserve hard links (Unix only) [USE WITH CARE]
+  --no-link           do not preserve hard links but rename files [default]
+  --no-mode           do not preserve file mode (aka permissions)
+  --no-owner          do not preserve file ownership
+  --no-time           do not preserve file timestamp
+
+Options for djgpp2/coff:
+  --coff              produce COFF output [default: EXE]
+
+Options for dos/com:
+  --8086              make compressed com work on any 8086
+
+Options for dos/exe:
+  --8086              make compressed exe work on any 8086
+  --no-reloc          put no relocations in to the exe header
+
+Options for dos/sys:
+  --8086              make compressed sys work on any 8086
+
+Options for ps1/exe:
+  --8-bit             uses 8 bit size compression [default: 32 bit]
+  --8mib-ram          8 megabyte memory limit [default: 2 MiB]
+  --boot-only         disables client/host transfer compatibility
+  --no-align          don't align to 2048 bytes [enables: --console-run]
+
+Options for watcom/le:
+  --le                produce LE output [default: EXE]
+
+Options for win32/pe, win64/pe & rtm32/pe:
+  --compress-exports=0    do not compress the export section
+  --compress-exports=1    compress the export section [default]
+  --compress-icons=0      do not compress any icons
+  --compress-icons=1      compress all but the first icon
+  --compress-icons=2      compress all but the first icon directory [default]
+  --compress-icons=3      compress all icons
+  --compress-resources=0  do not compress any resources at all
+  --keep-resource=list    do not compress resources specified by list
+  --strip-relocs=0        do not strip relocations
+  --strip-relocs=1        strip relocations [default]
+
+Options for linux/elf:
+  --preserve-build-id     copy .gnu.note.build-id to compressed output
+
+file..   executables to (de)compress
+
+This version supports:
+    amd64-darwin.dylib                   dylib/amd64
+    amd64-darwin.macho                   macho/amd64
+    amd64-linux.elf                      linux/amd64
+    amd64-linux.kernel.vmlinux           vmlinux/amd64
+    amd64-win64.pe                       win64/pe
+    arm-darwin.macho                     macho/arm
+    arm-linux.elf                        linux/arm
+    arm-linux.kernel.vmlinux             vmlinux/arm
+    arm-linux.kernel.vmlinuz             vmlinuz/arm
+    arm-wince.pe                         wince/arm
+    arm64-darwin.macho                   macho/arm64
+    arm64-linux.elf                      linux/arm64
+    armeb-linux.elf                      linux/armeb
+    armeb-linux.kernel.vmlinux           vmlinux/armeb
+    fat-darwin.macho                     macho/fat
+    i086-dos16.com                       dos/com
+    i086-dos16.exe                       dos/exe
+    i086-dos16.sys                       dos/sys
+    i386-bsd.elf.execve                  bsd.exec/i386
+    i386-darwin.macho                    macho/i386
+    i386-dos32.djgpp2.coff               djgpp2/coff
+    i386-dos32.tmt.adam                  tmt/adam
+    i386-dos32.watcom.le                 watcom/le
+    i386-freebsd.elf                     freebsd/i386
+    i386-linux.elf                       linux/i386
+    i386-linux.elf.execve                linux.exec/i386
+    i386-linux.elf.shell                 linux.sh/i386
+    i386-linux.kernel.bvmlinuz           bvmlinuz/i386
+    i386-linux.kernel.vmlinux            vmlinux/i386
+    i386-linux.kernel.vmlinuz            vmlinuz/i386
+    i386-netbsd.elf                      netbsd/i386
+    i386-openbsd.elf                     openbsd/i386
+    i386-win32.pe                        win32/pe
+    m68k-atari.tos                       atari/tos
+    mips-linux.elf                       linux/mips
+    mipsel-linux.elf                     linux/mipsel
+    mipsel.r3000-ps1                     ps1/exe
+    powerpc-darwin.macho                 macho/ppc32
+    powerpc-linux.elf                    linux/ppc32
+    powerpc-linux.kernel.vmlinux         vmlinux/ppc32
+    powerpc64-linux.elf                  linux/ppc64
+    powerpc64le-linux.elf                linux/ppc64le
+    powerpc64le-linux.kernel.vmlinux     vmlinux/ppc64le
+
+UPX comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details visit https://upx.github.io
+
+```
+
+我们使用 `--brute` 参数进行压，这是尽最大可能压缩所以压缩时间较长请耐心等待，实际使用过程中请按照实际情况选择合适的压缩比。
+```shell
+upx --brute quick-demo
+```
+```shell
+Compression tuning options:
+    --lzma              try LZMA [slower but tighter than NRV]
+    --brute             try all available compression methods & filters [slow]
+    --ultra-brute       try even more compression variants [very slow]
+```
+如果目标可执行文件是`macos`平台的可执行文件，请使用`upx --brute --force-macos quick-demo`
+```shell
+$ upx --brute --force-macos quick-demo 
+                       Ultimate Packer for eXecutables
+                          Copyright (C) 1996 - 2024
+UPX 4.2.4       Markus Oberhumer, Laszlo Molnar & John Reiser    May 9th 2024
+
+        File size         Ratio      Format      Name
+   --------------------   ------   -----------   -----------
+  15671168 ->   4784144   30.53%   macho/amd64   quick-demo                    
+
+Packed 1 file.
+
+```
+最终`quick-demo`可执行文件的压缩结果是`4.6M`且可以正常启动运行。
+
+我们成功通过去除调试信息和使用`upx`进行压缩将可执行文件的大小从`21M`压缩至 `4.6M`，压缩效果非常明显，体积减少了`78%`。
+
+结合以上两种方式我们可以减少磁盘空间、网络负载时间、下载时间以及其他分发和存储成本。
+
+
+
+
+
+