Add per-channel user-settable gamma correction

[Gadgetoid]

This change adds per-channel user-settable gamma correction which uses a single set of values to correct intensity values for all LED elements- Red, Green, Blue and White.

The default gamma table is uncorrected, in Unicorn HAT we use:

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5,
6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11,
11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18,
19, 19, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 23, 23, 24, 25, 25, 26, 27, 27, 28,
29, 29, 30, 31, 31, 32, 33, 34, 34, 35, 36, 37, 37, 38, 39, 40,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,
71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89,
90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99,100,102,103,104,106,107,109,110,
111,113,114,116,117,119,120,121,123,124,126,128,129,131,132,134,
135,137,138,140,142,143,145,146,148,150,151,153,155,157,158,160,
162,163,165,167,169,170,172,174,176,178,179,181,183,185,187,189,
191,193,194,196,198,200,202,204,206,208,210,212,214,216,218,220,
222,224,227,229,231,233,235,237,239,241,244,246,248,250,252,255

But I did not want to foist a default which might suddenly change behaviour upon unsuspecting users.

It's not ideal, so I'm open to suggestions for improvements, but currently the gamma table must be set following init, where the table is allocated in memory and the default values are stored.

Actually, would it be sensible to simply check for NULL on the uninitialised pointer and only initialise it only if it doesn't already contain the address of a gamma table array?

https://github.com/pimoroni/rpi_ws281x/blob/master/ws2811.c#L937-L942

[jgarff]

Thanks for the pull request. I'd like to merge this but it has quite a few other changes in the history, some of which I just merged. Would you mind rebasing it to the current tip of master and resubmit? Thanks.