feat: execute_uncommitted for merge insert

python/python/lance/dataset.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
     Optional,
     Sequence,
     Set,
+    Tuple,
     TypedDict,
     Union,
 )
@@ -102,6 +103,30 @@ def execute(self, data_obj: ReaderLike, *, schema: Optional[pa.Schema] = None):
 
         return super(MergeInsertBuilder, self).execute(reader)
 
+    def execute_uncommitted(
+        self, data_obj: ReaderLike, *, schema: Optional[pa.Schema] = None
+    ) -> Tuple[Transaction, Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Executes the merge insert operation without committing
+
+        This function updates the original dataset and returns a dictionary with
+        information about merge statistics - i.e. the number of inserted, updated,
+        and deleted rows.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+
+        data_obj: ReaderLike
+            The new data to use as the source table for the operation.  This parameter
+            can be any source of data (e.g. table / dataset) that
+            :func:`~lance.write_dataset` accepts.
+        schema: Optional[pa.Schema]
+            The schema of the data.  This only needs to be supplied whenever the data
+            source is some kind of generator.
+        """
+        reader = _coerce_reader(data_obj, schema)
+
+        return super(MergeInsertBuilder, self).execute_uncommitted(reader)
+
     # These next three overrides exist only to document the methods
 
     def when_matched_update_all(
@@ -2220,7 +2245,7 @@ def _commit(
     @staticmethod
     def commit(
         base_uri: Union[str, Path, LanceDataset],
-        operation: LanceOperation.BaseOperation,
+        operation: Union[LanceOperation.BaseOperation, Transaction],
         blobs_op: Optional[LanceOperation.BaseOperation] = None,
         read_version: Optional[int] = None,
         commit_lock: Optional[CommitLock] = None,
@@ -2326,24 +2351,45 @@ def commit(
                     f"commit_lock must be a function, got {type(commit_lock)}"
                 )
 
-        if read_version is None and not isinstance(
-            operation, (LanceOperation.Overwrite, LanceOperation.Restore)
+        if (
+            isinstance(operation, LanceOperation.BaseOperation)
+            and read_version is None
+            and not isinstance(
+                operation, (LanceOperation.Overwrite, LanceOperation.Restore)
+            )
         ):
             raise ValueError(
                 "read_version is required for all operations except "
                 "Overwrite and Restore"
             )
-        new_ds = _Dataset.commit(
-            base_uri,
-            operation,
-            blobs_op,
-            read_version,
-            commit_lock,
-            storage_options=storage_options,
-            enable_v2_manifest_paths=enable_v2_manifest_paths,
-            detached=detached,
-            max_retries=max_retries,
-        )
+        if isinstance(operation, Transaction):
+            new_ds = _Dataset.commit_transaction(
+                base_uri,
+                operation,
+                commit_lock,
+                storage_options=storage_options,
+                enable_v2_manifest_paths=enable_v2_manifest_paths,
+                detached=detached,
+                max_retries=max_retries,
+            )
+        elif isinstance(operation, LanceOperation.BaseOperation):
+            new_ds = _Dataset.commit(
+                base_uri,
+                operation,
+                blobs_op,
+                read_version,
+                commit_lock,
+                storage_options=storage_options,
+                enable_v2_manifest_paths=enable_v2_manifest_paths,
+                detached=detached,
+                max_retries=max_retries,
+            )
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "operation must be a LanceOperation.BaseOperation or Transaction, "
+                f"got {type(operation)}"
+            )
+
         ds = LanceDataset.__new__(LanceDataset)
         ds._storage_options = storage_options
         ds._ds = new_ds
@@ -2722,6 +2768,29 @@ class Delete(BaseOperation):
         def __post_init__(self):
             LanceOperation._validate_fragments(self.updated_fragments)
 
+    @dataclass
+    class Update(BaseOperation):
+        """
+        Operation that updates rows in the dataset.
+
+        Attributes
+        ----------
+        removed_fragment_ids: list[int]
+            The ids of the fragments that have been removed entirely.
+        updated_fragments: list[FragmentMetadata]
+            The fragments that have been updated with new deletion vectors.
+        new_fragments: list[FragmentMetadata]
+            The fragments that contain the new rows.
+        """
+
+        removed_fragment_ids: List[int]
+        updated_fragments: List[FragmentMetadata]
+        new_fragments: List[FragmentMetadata]
+
+        def __post_init__(self):
+            LanceOperation._validate_fragments(self.updated_fragments)
+            LanceOperation._validate_fragments(self.new_fragments)
+
     @dataclass
     class Merge(BaseOperation):
         """

python/python/tests/test_dataset.py

@@ -1015,6 +1015,31 @@ def test_restore_with_commit(tmp_path: Path):
     assert tbl == table
 
 
+def test_merge_insert_with_commit():
+    table = pa.table({"id": range(10), "updated": [False] * 10})
+    dataset = lance.write_dataset(table, "memory://test")
+
+    updates = pa.Table.from_pylist([{"id": 1, "updated": True}])
+    transaction, stats = (
+        dataset.merge_insert(on="id")
+        .when_matched_update_all()
+        .execute_uncommitted(updates)
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(stats, dict)
+    assert stats["num_updated_rows"] == 1
+    assert stats["num_inserted_rows"] == 0
+    assert stats["num_deleted_rows"] == 0
+
+    assert isinstance(transaction, lance.Transaction)
+    assert isinstance(transaction.operation, lance.LanceOperation.Update)
+
+    dataset = lance.LanceDataset.commit(dataset, transaction)
+    assert dataset.to_table().sort_by("id") == pa.table(
+        {"id": range(10), "updated": [False] + [True] + [False] * 8}
+    )
+
+
 def test_merge_with_commit(tmp_path: Path):
     table = pa.Table.from_pydict({"a": range(100), "b": range(100)})
     base_dir = tmp_path / "test"

python/src/dataset.rs

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ use lance::dataset::{
     WriteParams,
 };
 use lance::dataset::{
-    BatchInfo, BatchUDF, CommitBuilder, NewColumnTransform, UDFCheckpointStore, WriteDestination,
+    BatchInfo, BatchUDF, CommitBuilder, MergeStats, NewColumnTransform, UDFCheckpointStore,
+    WriteDestination,
 };
 use lance::dataset::{ColumnAlteration, ProjectionRequest};
 use lance::index::vector::utils::get_vector_type;
@@ -199,20 +200,46 @@ impl MergeInsertBuilder {
             .try_build()
             .map_err(|err| PyValueError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
 
-        let new_self = RT
+        let (new_dataset, stats) = RT
             .spawn(Some(py), job.execute_reader(new_data))?
             .map_err(|err| PyIOError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
 
         let dataset = self.dataset.bind(py);
 
-        dataset.borrow_mut().ds = new_self.0;
-        let merge_stats = new_self.1;
-        let merge_dict = PyDict::new_bound(py);
-        merge_dict.set_item("num_inserted_rows", merge_stats.num_inserted_rows)?;
-        merge_dict.set_item("num_updated_rows", merge_stats.num_updated_rows)?;
-        merge_dict.set_item("num_deleted_rows", merge_stats.num_deleted_rows)?;
+        dataset.borrow_mut().ds = new_dataset;
 
-        Ok(merge_dict.into())
+        Ok(Self::build_stats(&stats, py)?.into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_uncommitted<'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        new_data: &Bound<'a, PyAny>,
+    ) -> PyResult<(PyLance<Transaction>, Bound<'a, PyDict>)> {
+        let py = new_data.py();
+        let new_data = convert_reader(new_data)?;
+
+        let job = self
+            .builder
+            .try_build()
+            .map_err(|err| PyValueError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
+
+        let (transaction, stats) = RT
+            .spawn(Some(py), job.execute_uncommitted(new_data))?
+            .map_err(|err| PyIOError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
+
+        let stats = Self::build_stats(&stats, py)?;
+
+        Ok((PyLance(transaction), stats))
+    }
+}
+
+impl MergeInsertBuilder {
+    fn build_stats<'a>(stats: &MergeStats, py: Python<'a>) -> PyResult<Bound<'a, PyDict>> {
+        let dict = PyDict::new_bound(py);
+        dict.set_item("num_inserted_rows", stats.num_inserted_rows)?;
+        dict.set_item("num_updated_rows", stats.num_updated_rows)?;
+        dict.set_item("num_deleted_rows", stats.num_deleted_rows)?;
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
@@ -1312,6 +1339,36 @@ impl Dataset {
         enable_v2_manifest_paths: Option<bool>,
         detached: Option<bool>,
         max_retries: Option<u32>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let transaction = Transaction::new(
+            read_version.unwrap_or_default(),
+            operation.0,
+            blobs_op.map(|op| op.0),
+            None,
+        );
+
+        Self::commit_transaction(
+            dest,
+            PyLance(transaction),
+            commit_lock,
+            storage_options,
+            enable_v2_manifest_paths,
+            detached,
+            max_retries,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    #[staticmethod]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (dest, transaction, commit_lock = None, storage_options = None, enable_v2_manifest_paths = None, detached = None, max_retries = None))]
+    fn commit_transaction(
+        dest: &Bound<PyAny>,
+        transaction: PyLance<Transaction>,
+        commit_lock: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
+        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
+        enable_v2_manifest_paths: Option<bool>,
+        detached: Option<bool>,
+        max_retries: Option<u32>,
     ) -> PyResult<Self> {
         let object_store_params =
             storage_options
@@ -1333,13 +1390,6 @@ impl Dataset {
             WriteDestination::Uri(dest.extract()?)
         };
 
-        let transaction = Transaction::new(
-            read_version.unwrap_or_default(),
-            operation.0,
-            blobs_op.map(|op| op.0),
-            None,
-        );
-
         let mut builder = CommitBuilder::new(dest)
             .enable_v2_manifest_paths(enable_v2_manifest_paths.unwrap_or(false))
             .with_detached(detached.unwrap_or(false))
@@ -1354,7 +1404,10 @@ impl Dataset {
         }
 
         let ds = RT
-            .block_on(commit_lock.map(|cl| cl.py()), builder.execute(transaction))?
+            .block_on(
+                commit_lock.map(|cl| cl.py()),
+                builder.execute(transaction.0),
+            )?
             .map_err(|err| PyIOError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
 
         let uri = ds.uri().to_string();

python/src/transaction.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,20 @@ impl FromPyObject<'_> for PyLance<Operation> {
                 };
                 Ok(Self(op))
             }
+            "Update" => {
+                let removed_fragment_ids = ob.getattr("removed_fragment_ids")?.extract()?;
+
+                let updated_fragments = extract_vec(&ob.getattr("updated_fragments")?)?;
+
+                let new_fragments = extract_vec(&ob.getattr("new_fragments")?)?;
+
+                let op = Operation::Update {
+                    removed_fragment_ids,
+                    updated_fragments,
+                    new_fragments,
+                };
+                Ok(Self(op))
+            }
             "Merge" => {
                 let schema = extract_schema(&ob.getattr("schema")?)?;
 
@@ -143,6 +157,21 @@ impl ToPyObject for PyLance<&Operation> {
                     .expect("Failed to create Overwrite instance")
                     .to_object(py)
             }
+            Operation::Update {
+                removed_fragment_ids,
+                updated_fragments,
+                new_fragments,
+            } => {
+                let removed_fragment_ids = removed_fragment_ids.to_object(py);
+                let updated_fragments = export_vec(py, updated_fragments.as_slice());
+                let new_fragments = export_vec(py, new_fragments.as_slice());
+                let cls = namespace
+                    .getattr("Update")
+                    .expect("Failed to get Update class");
+                cls.call1((removed_fragment_ids, updated_fragments, new_fragments))
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .to_object(py)
+            }
             _ => todo!(),
         }
     }

rust/lance/src/dataset.rs

@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ pub use schema_evolution::{
 };
 pub use take::TakeBuilder;
 pub use write::merge_insert::{
-    MergeInsertBuilder, MergeInsertJob, WhenMatched, WhenNotMatched, WhenNotMatchedBySource,
+    MergeInsertBuilder, MergeInsertJob, MergeStats, WhenMatched, WhenNotMatched,
+    WhenNotMatchedBySource,
 };
 pub use write::update::{UpdateBuilder, UpdateJob};
 #[allow(deprecated)]