[11.x] Handle spaces when validating a url

[jackbayliss]

This closes #54546

Why

Str::isUrl is used for Url Validation, ie $request->validate(['url' => 'required|url']);

If you're validating urls from a url param, such as : http://local.test/example?url=https://laravel.com?query=taylor+otwell or http://local.test/example?url=https://laravel.com?query=taylor%20otwell

the url you get back is decoded by PHP : http://local.test/example?url=laravel.com?url=taylor otwell this then fails the url validation, despite being technically a valid url before PHP decoded it.

There are ways around it, but, it would be nice to use the request to validate it (in an ideal world).

What it adds

This PR adds a straight forward str_replace to handle spaces as felt the safest without touching the regex, the regex patterns already account for %20 too.

Also added some basic tests to show no regression etc.

Feel free to close if not useful 👍🏻

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[jackbayliss]

Don't think this belongs as part of the framework, should probably be worked around if you're passing it as a param as feels like an edge case. Ie adding the str_replace yourself.