Development: Convert to new control flow syntax in Angular 17

[krusche]

Checklist

General

• I tested all changes and their related features with all corresponding user types on a test server.
• I chose a title conforming to the naming conventions for pull requests.

Client

• I followed the coding and design guidelines.
• I documented the TypeScript code using JSDoc style.

Motivation and Context

The new control flow syntax is easier to understand.
Closes #7773.

Description

The code is automatically converted using ng generate @angular/core:control-flow

Testserver States

Note

These badges show the state of the test servers.
Green = Currently available, Red = Currently locked

Testing steps

Test the main functionality and check that everything still works correctly.

Especially test places where we use multiple containers on the same page (e.g. the code editor, the assessment view of any exercise type, the exam mode) and check that the projected content is visible.

Review Progress

Code Review

• Code Review 1
• Code Review 2

[MichaelOwenDyer]

did a thorough code review and looks good to me :^)

[Kroko-fant]

Code Review + Manual Test for the Orion Components they look good to me

[rriyaldhi]

Tested Quiz Exercises and Exam mode (All Exercise Type). Couldn't find any noticeable errors.

[Kroko-fant]

Tested Programming exercises and user settings in a testing session

[valentin-boehm]

Checked all @switch statements, there are no overlapping cases left. Also looked at the manual changes, they look good.

[aplr]

lgtm