Bump go to v1.23.4

[prezha]

Summary

• bump go (toolchain) to v1.23.4
• bump go base images to v1.23.4
• update prerequisites in docs

Change Type

Mark the type of change your PR introduces:

• Bug fix (resolves an issue without affecting existing features)
• Feature (adds new functionality without breaking changes)
• Breaking change (may impact existing functionalities or require documentation updates)
• Documentation (updates or additions to documentation)
• Refactoring or test improvements (no bug fixes or new functionality)

Testing

Successfully tested locally with make test and make build.

Review Checklist:

• Reviewed my own code for quality and clarity.
• Added comments to complex or tricky code sections.
• Updated any affected documentation.
• Included tests that validate the fix or feature.
• Checked that related changes are merged.

[coveralls]

coverage: 55.208% (-0.007%) from 55.215%
when pulling 79e37c9 on prezha:go-1.23.4
into b4fc9e3 on mindersec:main.

[eleftherias]

Thanks for the PR @prezha!