[TextareaAutosize] Improve line computation and avoid infinite loop

[neon98]

• [-] I have followed (at least) the PR section of the contributing guide.

fixes #17385

[mui-pr-bot]

Details of bundle changes.

Comparing: 09ec808...d1b0e01

bundle	parsed diff	gzip diff	prev parsed	current parsed	prev gzip	current gzip
@material-ui/core	+0.01% 🔺	+0.01% 🔺	334,392	334,416	91,184	91,189
@material-ui/core/Paper	0.00%	0.00%	69,049	69,049	20,524	20,524
@material-ui/core/Paper.esm	0.00%	0.00%	62,377	62,377	19,276	19,276
@material-ui/core/Popper	0.00%	0.00%	28,405	28,405	10,179	10,179
@material-ui/core/Textarea	+0.47% 🔺	+0.70% 🔺	5,082	5,106	2,134	2,149
@material-ui/core/TrapFocus	0.00%	0.00%	3,766	3,766	1,597	1,597
@material-ui/core/styles/createMuiTheme	0.00%	0.00%	16,351	16,351	5,821	5,821
@material-ui/core/useMediaQuery	0.00%	0.00%	2,488	2,488	1,052	1,052
@material-ui/lab	0.00%	0.00%	143,406	143,406	43,818	43,818
@material-ui/styles	0.00%	0.00%	51,780	51,780	15,355	15,355
@material-ui/system	0.00%	0.00%	15,583	15,583	4,339	4,339
Button	0.00%	0.00%	79,148	79,148	24,122	24,122
Modal	0.00%	0.00%	14,542	14,542	5,113	5,113
Portal	0.00%	0.00%	2,907	2,907	1,316	1,316
Rating	0.00%	0.00%	70,239	70,239	21,941	21,941
Slider	0.00%	0.00%	75,380	75,380	23,272	23,272
colorManipulator	0.00%	0.00%	3,835	3,835	1,519	1,519
docs.landing	0.00%	0.00%	54,267	54,267	14,344	14,344
docs.main	0.00%	0.00%	588,954	588,954	188,297	188,297
packages/material-ui/build/umd/material-ui.production.min.js	+0.01% 🔺	+0.01% 🔺	305,347	305,371	87,830	87,841

Generated by 🚫 dangerJS against d1b0e01

[oliviertassinari]

@neon98 Thanks