[Backport 2.x] Extensible design to add new query and field type support for Star Tree

[expani]

Description

Backport for #17137

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 8caaa49: FAILURE

Please examine the workflow log, locate, and copy-paste the failure(s) below, then iterate to green. Is the failure a flaky test unrelated to your change?

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 2dd1ce1: FAILURE

Please examine the workflow log, locate, and copy-paste the failure(s) below, then iterate to green. Is the failure a flaky test unrelated to your change?

[github-actions]

✅ Gradle check result for a184172: SUCCESS

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.80000% with 56 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 71.92%. Comparing base (1c7f719) to head (a184172).
Report is 3 commits behind head on 2.x.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...tartree/filter/provider/DimensionFilterMapper.java	82.20%	9 Missing and 12 partials ⚠️
...ensearch/search/startree/StarTreeQueryContext.java	90.00%	3 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
...pensearch/search/startree/StarTreeQueryHelper.java	88.88%	1 Missing and 6 partials ⚠️
...ch/search/startree/filter/RangeMatchDimFilter.java	76.66%	3 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
...rch/search/aggregations/metrics/MaxAggregator.java	60.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
...rch/search/aggregations/metrics/MinAggregator.java	60.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
.../org/opensearch/search/internal/SearchContext.java	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
...nsearch/search/startree/StarTreeTraversalUtil.java	92.59%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
...tree/fileformats/node/FixedLengthStarTreeNode.java	98.24%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
...rch/search/aggregations/metrics/SumAggregator.java	66.66%	1 Missing ⚠️
... and 4 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##                2.x   #17173      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     71.89%   71.92%   +0.02%     
- Complexity    65852    65960     +108     
============================================
  Files          5332     5341       +9     
  Lines        306587   307104     +517     
  Branches      44720    44821     +101     
============================================
+ Hits         220429   220886     +457     
- Misses        67754    67814      +60     
  Partials      18404    18404              

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