Create index lifecycle guide (#482)

Signed-off-by: Alexei Karikov <[email protected]>

guides/index_lifecycle.md

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+# Index Lifecycle
+This guide covers OpenSearch JavaScript Client API actions for Index Lifecycle. You'll learn how to create, read, update, and delete indices in your OpenSearch cluster. We will also leverage index templates to create default settings and mappings for indices of certain patterns.
+
+## Setup
+
+In this guide, we will need an OpenSearch cluster with more than one node. Let's use the sample [docker-compose.yml](https://opensearch.org/samples/docker-compose.yml) to start a cluster with two nodes. The cluster's API will be available at `localhost:9200` with basic authentication enabled with default username and password of `admin:admin`.
+
+To start the cluster, run the following command:
+
+```bash
+cd /path/to/docker-compose.yml
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+Let's create a client instance to access this cluster:
+
+```javascript
+const { Client } = require('@opensearch-project/opensearch');
+
+const client = new Client({
+  node: 'https://admin:admin@localhost:9200',
+  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: false }
+});
+
+client.info().then(response => {
+  console.log(response.body);
+}); // Check server info and make sure the client is connected
+```
+
+## Index API Actions
+
+### Create a new index
+You can quickly create an index with default settings and mappings by using the `indices.create` API action. The following example creates an index named `paintings` with default settings and mappings:
+
+```javascript
+client.indices.create({index: 'paintings'})
+```
+To specify settings and mappings, you can pass them as the `body` of the request. The following example creates an index named `movies` with custom settings and mappings:
+
+```javascript
+client.indices.create({
+  index: 'movies',
+  body: {
+    settings: {
+      index: {
+        number_of_shards: 2,
+        number_of_replicas: 1
+      }
+    },
+    mappings: {
+      properties: {
+        title: { type: 'text' },
+        year: { type: 'integer' }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+})
+```
+When you create a new document for an index, OpenSearch will automatically create the index if it doesn't exist:
+
+```javascript
+client.indices.exists({ index: 'burner' }).then((exists) => {
+  console.log(exists); // => false
+});
+client.create({index: 'burner', body: { lorem: 'ipsum' }});
+client.indices.exists({ index: 'burner' }).then((exists) => {
+  console.log(exists); // => true
+});
+```
+
+
+### Update an Index
+You can update an index's settings and mappings by using the `indices.put_settings` and `indices.put_mapping` API actions. 
+
+The following example updates the `movies` index's number of replicas to `0`:
+
+```javascript
+client.indices.put_settings({
+  index: 'movies',
+  body: {
+    index: {
+      number_of_replicas: 0
+    }
+  }
+})
+```
+The following example updates the `movies` index's mappings to add a new field named `director`:
+
+```javascript
+client.indices.put_mapping({
+  index: 'movies',
+  body: {
+    properties: {
+      director: { type: 'text' }
+    }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+### Get Metadata for an Index
+Let's check if the index's settings and mappings have been updated by using the `indices.get` API action:
+
+```javascript
+client.indices.get({ index: 'movies' })
+  .then(response => console.log(response))
+```
+The response body contains the index's settings and mappings:
+
+```javascript
+{
+  "movies": {
+    "aliases": {},
+    "mappings": {
+      "properties": {
+        "title": { "type": "text" },
+        "year": { "type": "integer" },
+        "director": { "type": "text" }
+      }
+    },
+    "settings": {
+      "index": {
+        "creation_date": "1680297372024",
+        "number_of_shards": "2",
+        "number_of_replicas": "0",
+        "uuid": "FEDWXgmhSLyrCqWa8F_aiA",
+        "version": { "created": "136277827" },
+        "provided_name": "movies"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+### Delete an Index
+Let's delete the `movies` index by using the `indices.delete` API action:
+
+```javascript
+client.indices.delete({index: 'movies'})
+```
+We can also delete multiple indices at once:
+
+```javascript
+client.indices.delete({index: ['movies', 'paintings', 'burner'], ignore: 404})
+```
+Notice that we are passing `ignore: 404` to the request. This tells the client to ignore the `404` error if the index doesn't exist for deletion. Without it, the above `delete` request will throw an error because the `movies` index has already been deleted in the previous example.
+
+## Cleanup
+
+All resources created in this guide are automatically deleted when the cluster is stopped. You can stop the cluster by running the following command:
+
+```bash
+docker-compose down
+```