storage: Refine local index for more index kinds

[breezewish]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: ref #9032

Problem Summary:

What is changed and how it works?

In order to accept more index kinds like FullTextIndex, this PR made some refactors to some persisted data:

• Refactor DMFile proto to accept more index kinds, and extract common properties like index id and index size.
• Refactor ColumnFileTiny proto as above.
• Refactor ColumnFileTiny Remote proto in disaggregated mode. The new impl keeps LocalIndex information exactly the same as ColumnFileTiny local proto.
• Remove VectorIndexKind (which is HNSW), because we will only envolve and develop one index (and will be renamed to something like AUTOINDEX).
• Rename XxxVectorIndexWriter → XxxLocalIndexWriter (because it can build other indexes later)

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test

Old data compatibility test:

# Start a cluster using current nightly
tiup playground nightly --tag vector_test

# Import data use tidb-vector-bench, compact, import data anagin

# Verify there is delta layer local index:
mysql> select * from information_schema.tiflash_indexes;
+---------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+
| TIDB_DATABASE | TIDB_TABLE | TABLE_ID | COLUMN_NAME | INDEX_NAME  | COLUMN_ID | INDEX_ID | INDEX_KIND | ROWS_STABLE_INDEXED | ROWS_STABLE_NOT_INDEXED | ROWS_DELTA_INDEXED | ROWS_DELTA_NOT_INDEXED | ERROR_MESSAGE | TIFLASH_INSTANCE |
+---------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+
| test          | sample     |      110 | vec         | vec_idx_vec |         2 |        1 | HNSW       |               60000 |                       0 |              60000 |                      0 |               | 127.0.0.1:3930   |
+---------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+

Explain analyze:
tiflash_task:{time:20.7ms, loops:1, threads:14}, vector_idx:{load:{total:0ms,from_s3:0,from_disk:0,from_cache:1},search:{total:0ms,visited_nodes:191,discarded_nodes:0},read:{vec_total:0ms,others_total:0ms}}, tiflash_scan:{mvcc_input_rows:120000, mvcc_input_bytes:2040000, mvcc_output_rows:120000, local_regions:1, remote_regions:0, tot_learner_read:0ms, region_balance:{instance_num: 1, max/min: 1/1=1.000000}, delta_rows:60000, delta_bytes:1980000, segments:1, stale_read_regions:0, tot_build_snapshot:0ms, tot_build_bitmap:4ms, tot_build_inputstream:4ms, min_local_stream:15ms, max_local_stream:16ms, dtfile:{data_scanned_rows:60000, data_skipped_rows:0, mvcc_scanned_rows:60000, mvcc_skipped_rows:0, lm_filter_scanned_rows:0, lm_filter_skipped_rows:0, tot_rs_index_check:0ms, tot_read:0ms}} | keep order:false, stats:pseudo, annIndex:L2(vec..

# Restart the cluster using binary from this PR
tiup playground nightly --tag vector_test --tiflash.binpath ~/Work/tiflash/cmake-build-Release/dbms/src/Server/tiflash

# Verify again
mysql> select * from information_schema.tiflash_indexes;
+---------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+
| TIDB_DATABASE | TIDB_TABLE | TABLE_ID | COLUMN_NAME | INDEX_NAME  | COLUMN_ID | INDEX_ID | INDEX_KIND | ROWS_STABLE_INDEXED | ROWS_STABLE_NOT_INDEXED | ROWS_DELTA_INDEXED | ROWS_DELTA_NOT_INDEXED | ERROR_MESSAGE | TIFLASH_INSTANCE |
+---------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+
| test          | sample     |      110 | vec         | vec_idx_vec |         2 |        1 | Vector     |               60000 |                       0 |              60000 |                      0 |               | 127.0.0.1:3930   |
+---------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+

Explain analyze:
tiflash_task:{time:28.8ms, loops:1, threads:14}, vector_idx:{load:{total:0ms,from_s3:0,from_disk:0,from_cache:1},search:{total:0ms,visited_nodes:191,discarded_nodes:0},read:{vec_total:0ms,others_total:0ms}}, tiflash_scan:{mvcc_input_rows:127000, mvcc_input_bytes:2159000, mvcc_output_rows:127000, local_regions:2, remote_regions:0, tot_learner_read:4ms, region_balance:{instance_num: 1, max/min: 2/2=1.000000}, delta_rows:67000, delta_bytes:2211000, segments:1, stale_read_regions:0, tot_build_snapshot:0ms, tot_build_bitmap:7ms, tot_build_inputstream:8ms, min_local_stream:19ms, max_local_stream:20ms, dtfile:{data_scanned_rows:60000, data_skipped_rows:0, mvcc_scanned_rows:60000, mvcc_skipped_rows:0, lm_filter_scanned_rows:0, lm_filter_skipped_rows:0, tot_rs_index_check:0ms, tot_read:0ms}} | keep order:false, stats:pseudo, annIndex:L2(vec..

• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

None

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