Backport trivial changes and release python bindings 2.5.1?

[BenjaminRodenberg]

Since there is a v2.5.1 release of preCICE we technically should also offer a corresponding release of the python bindings. To wrap-up the version 2 release cycle I think we could also backport the following fixes:

• Change versioning scheme description in the README #199
• Lint markdown files and update files correspondingly. #180
• Adapt Docker workflow #186
• Add Cython as dependency required during installation #177
• Require setuptools>=61 #207
• Restrict to numpy < 2 and setuptools < 72 for better compatibiltiy with CI pipeline #213
• a6d3a80

I came up with this list after a very brief inspection of the features contained in the current latest release. Using the three digit versioning scheme makes everything clearer and, therefore, I see here quite a benefit on the long run. If backporting some of the features/fixes above single turns out problematic, we can, of course, just drop it.

[BenjaminRodenberg]

Don't update the versioning scheme, because it too risky and might be confusing.

[BenjaminRodenberg]

Added #207 and #213 to the list due to compatibility problems.

[BenjaminRodenberg]

Added a6d3a80 and #215 to fix the spack testing for this release.

[BenjaminRodenberg]

I just did the release (see #212)