[pyupgrade] Use f-strings for formatting

src/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py

@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ def describe_trigger(parent):
                 relevant_constraints.add(req.name)
             msg = msg + "\n    "
             if parent:
-                msg = msg + "{} {} depends on ".format(parent.name, parent.version)
+                msg = msg + f"{parent.name} {parent.version} depends on "
             else:
                 msg = msg + "The user requested "
             msg = msg + req.format_for_error()

src/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py

@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ def get_path_uid(path):
             file_uid = os.stat(path).st_uid
         else:
             # raise OSError for parity with os.O_NOFOLLOW above
-            raise OSError(
-                "{} is a symlink; Will not return uid for symlinks".format(path)
-            )
+            raise OSError(f"{path} is a symlink; Will not return uid for symlinks")
     return file_uid
 
 

src/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def _check_no_input(message):
     """Raise an error if no input is allowed."""
     if os.environ.get("PIP_NO_INPUT"):
         raise Exception(
-            "No input was expected ($PIP_NO_INPUT set); question: {}".format(message)
+            f"No input was expected ($PIP_NO_INPUT set); question: {message}"
         )
 
 

src/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ def call_subprocess(
         elif on_returncode == "ignore":
             pass
         else:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid value: on_returncode={!r}".format(on_returncode))
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid value: on_returncode={on_returncode!r}")
     return output
 
 

src/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def get_metadata(self, name):
         except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
             # Augment the default error with the origin of the file.
             raise UnsupportedWheel(
-                "Error decoding metadata for {}: {}".format(self._wheel_name, e)
+                f"Error decoding metadata for {self._wheel_name}: {e}"
             )
 
 

tests/functional/test_install_config.py

@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ def test_prompt_for_keyring_if_needed(script, data, cert_factory, auth_needed):
         response(str(data.packages / "simple-3.0.tar.gz")),
     ]
 
-    url = "https://{}:{}/simple".format(server.host, server.port)
+    url = f"https://{server.host}:{server.port}/simple"
 
     keyring_content = textwrap.dedent("""\
         import os