Use raise .. from .. where appropriate

[akihironitta]

Motivation

Fixes and closes #761.

Description of the changes

I changed lines where raiseing an exception in except to either:

1. raise .. from e to explicitly chain exceptions where the exception e has valuable information and seems useful for users.
2. raise .. from None to unchain exceptions where the previous exception has no valuable information and seems noisy and redundant.

[akihironitta]

List of lines

I created a simple script to list all the lines containing raise in except clause.

• numpyro/numpyro/contrib/funsor/__init__.py

  Line 7 in 8ce9fd3

  raise ImportError("Looking like you want to do inference for models with "

• numpyro/numpyro/contrib/module.py

  Line 39 in 8ce9fd3

  raise ImportError("Looking like you want to use flax to declare "

• numpyro/numpyro/contrib/module.py

  Line 75 in 8ce9fd3

  raise ImportError("Looking like you want to use haiku to declare "

• numpyro/numpyro/contrib/tfp/__init__.py

  Line 7 in 8ce9fd3

  raise ImportError("Looking like your installed tensorflow_probability does not"

• numpyro/numpyro/distributions/transforms.py

  Line 559 in 8ce9fd3

  raise NotImplementedError

• numpyro/numpyro/compat/infer.py

  Line 134 in 8ce9fd3

  raise TypeError('NumPyro backend requires args, kwargs to be arrays or tuples, '

• numpyro/numpyro/compat/infer.py

  Line 137 in 8ce9fd3

  raise e

• numpyro/numpyro/infer/reparam.py

  Line 186 in 8ce9fd3

  raise ValueError("NeuTraReparam only supports guides that implement "

• numpyro/test/test_distributions.py

  Line 438 in 8ce9fd3

  raise e

[akihironitta]

I actually didn't use raise .. from None because all the exceptions seem to have valuable information and it looks inappropriate to get rid of the information by using raise .. from None.

[fehiepsi]

LGTM, this is very helpful. Thanks, @akihironitta!