[3.12] gh-112536: Add support for thread sanitizer (TSAN) (gh-112648) #106384

Job	Run time
Check for source changes	9s
Check if the ABI has changed	1m 26s
Check if generated files are up to date	5m 31s
Hypothesis tests on Ubuntu	4m 13s
Address sanitizer	7m 54s
Ubuntu SSL tests with OpenSSL (1.1.1w)	2m 57s
Ubuntu SSL tests with OpenSSL (3.0.13)	2m 40s
Ubuntu SSL tests with OpenSSL (3.1.5)	2m 41s
Ubuntu SSL tests with OpenSSL (3.2.1)	2m 37s
macOS / build and test (macos-14)	11m 16s
macOS / build and test (macos-13)	11m 34s
Ubuntu / build and test	8m 4s
Windows / build and test (x86)	14m 45s
Windows / build and test (x64)	14m 38s
Windows / build (arm64)	2m 58s
Docs / Docs (Oldest Sphinx)	1m 37s
Docs / Docs	1m 54s
Docs / Doctest	4m 49s
All required checks pass	3s
	1h 41m 46s

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