Rollup merge of #95467 - ChrisDenton:async-read-pipe, r=joshtriplett

Windows: Synchronize asynchronous pipe reads and writes

On Windows, the pipes used for spawned processes are opened for asynchronous access but `read` and `write` are done using the standard methods that assume synchronous access. This means that the buffer (and variables on the stack) may be read/written to after the function returns.

This PR ensures reads/writes complete before returning. Note that this only applies to pipes we create and does not affect the standard file read/write methods.

Fixes #95411

library/std/src/sys/windows/c.rs

@@ -326,6 +326,12 @@ impl Default for IO_STATUS_BLOCK {
     }
 }
 
+pub type LPOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE = unsafe extern "system" fn(
+    dwErrorCode: DWORD,
+    dwNumberOfBytesTransfered: DWORD,
+    lpOverlapped: *mut OVERLAPPED,
+);
+
 #[repr(C)]
 #[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "64"))]
 pub struct WSADATA {
@@ -891,6 +897,7 @@ extern "system" {
     pub fn WaitForSingleObject(hHandle: HANDLE, dwMilliseconds: DWORD) -> DWORD;
     pub fn SwitchToThread() -> BOOL;
     pub fn Sleep(dwMilliseconds: DWORD);
+    pub fn SleepEx(dwMilliseconds: DWORD, bAlertable: BOOL) -> DWORD;
     pub fn GetProcessId(handle: HANDLE) -> DWORD;
     pub fn CopyFileExW(
         lpExistingFileName: LPCWSTR,
@@ -957,13 +964,27 @@ extern "system" {
         lpNumberOfBytesRead: LPDWORD,
         lpOverlapped: LPOVERLAPPED,
     ) -> BOOL;
+    pub fn ReadFileEx(
+        hFile: BorrowedHandle<'_>,
+        lpBuffer: LPVOID,
+        nNumberOfBytesToRead: DWORD,
+        lpOverlapped: LPOVERLAPPED,
+        lpCompletionRoutine: LPOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE,
+    ) -> BOOL;
     pub fn WriteFile(
         hFile: BorrowedHandle<'_>,
         lpBuffer: LPVOID,
         nNumberOfBytesToWrite: DWORD,
         lpNumberOfBytesWritten: LPDWORD,
         lpOverlapped: LPOVERLAPPED,
     ) -> BOOL;
+    pub fn WriteFileEx(
+        hFile: BorrowedHandle<'_>,
+        lpBuffer: LPVOID,
+        nNumberOfBytesToWrite: DWORD,
+        lpOverlapped: LPOVERLAPPED,
+        lpCompletionRoutine: LPOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE,
+    ) -> BOOL;
     pub fn CloseHandle(hObject: HANDLE) -> BOOL;
     pub fn MoveFileExW(lpExistingFileName: LPCWSTR, lpNewFileName: LPCWSTR, dwFlags: DWORD)
     -> BOOL;

library/std/src/sys/windows/pipe.rs

@@ -173,6 +173,15 @@ fn random_number() -> usize {
     }
 }
 
+// Abstracts over `ReadFileEx` and `WriteFileEx`
+type AlertableIoFn = unsafe extern "system" fn(
+    BorrowedHandle<'_>,
+    c::LPVOID,
+    c::DWORD,
+    c::LPOVERLAPPED,
+    c::LPOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE,
+) -> c::BOOL;
+
 impl AnonPipe {
     pub fn handle(&self) -> &Handle {
         &self.inner
@@ -182,7 +191,19 @@ impl AnonPipe {
     }
 
     pub fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.read(buf)
+        let result = unsafe {
+            let len = crate::cmp::min(buf.len(), c::DWORD::MAX as usize) as c::DWORD;
+            self.alertable_io_internal(c::ReadFileEx, buf.as_mut_ptr() as _, len)
+        };
+
+        match result {
+            // The special treatment of BrokenPipe is to deal with Windows
+            // pipe semantics, which yields this error when *reading* from
+            // a pipe after the other end has closed; we interpret that as
+            // EOF on the pipe.
+            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::BrokenPipe => Ok(0),
+            _ => result,
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn read_vectored(&self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -195,7 +216,10 @@ impl AnonPipe {
     }
 
     pub fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.write(buf)
+        unsafe {
+            let len = crate::cmp::min(buf.len(), c::DWORD::MAX as usize) as c::DWORD;
+            self.alertable_io_internal(c::WriteFileEx, buf.as_ptr() as _, len)
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn write_vectored(&self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -206,6 +230,99 @@ impl AnonPipe {
     pub fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool {
         self.inner.is_write_vectored()
     }
+
+    /// Synchronizes asynchronous reads or writes using our anonymous pipe.
+    ///
+    /// This is a wrapper around [`ReadFileEx`] or [`WriteFileEx`] that uses
+    /// [Asynchronous Procedure Call] (APC) to synchronize reads or writes.
+    ///
+    /// Note: This should not be used for handles we don't create.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// `buf` must be a pointer to a buffer that's valid for reads or writes
+    /// up to `len` bytes. The `AlertableIoFn` must be either `ReadFileEx` or `WriteFileEx`
+    ///
+    /// [`ReadFileEx`]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-readfileex
+    /// [`WriteFileEx`]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-writefileex
+    /// [Asynchronous Procedure Call]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sync/asynchronous-procedure-calls
+    unsafe fn alertable_io_internal(
+        &self,
+        io: AlertableIoFn,
+        buf: c::LPVOID,
+        len: c::DWORD,
+    ) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        // Use "alertable I/O" to synchronize the pipe I/O.
+        // This has four steps.
+        //
+        // STEP 1: Start the asynchronous I/O operation.
+        //         This simply calls either `ReadFileEx` or `WriteFileEx`,
+        //         giving it a pointer to the buffer and callback function.
+        //
+        // STEP 2: Enter an alertable state.
+        //         The callback set in step 1 will not be called until the thread
+        //         enters an "alertable" state. This can be done using `SleepEx`.
+        //
+        // STEP 3: The callback
+        //         Once the I/O is complete and the thread is in an alertable state,
+        //         the callback will be run on the same thread as the call to
+        //         `ReadFileEx` or `WriteFileEx` done in step 1.
+        //         In the callback we simply set the result of the async operation.
+        //
+        // STEP 4: Return the result.
+        //         At this point we'll have a result from the callback function
+        //         and can simply return it. Note that we must not return earlier,
+        //         while the I/O is still in progress.
+
+        // The result that will be set from the asynchronous callback.
+        let mut async_result: Option<AsyncResult> = None;
+        struct AsyncResult {
+            error: u32,
+            transfered: u32,
+        }
+
+        // STEP 3: The callback.
+        unsafe extern "system" fn callback(
+            dwErrorCode: u32,
+            dwNumberOfBytesTransfered: u32,
+            lpOverlapped: *mut c::OVERLAPPED,
+        ) {
+            // Set `async_result` using a pointer smuggled through `hEvent`.
+            let result = AsyncResult { error: dwErrorCode, transfered: dwNumberOfBytesTransfered };
+            *(*lpOverlapped).hEvent.cast::<Option<AsyncResult>>() = Some(result);
+        }
+
+        // STEP 1: Start the I/O operation.
+        let mut overlapped: c::OVERLAPPED = crate::mem::zeroed();
+        // `hEvent` is unused by `ReadFileEx` and `WriteFileEx`.
+        // Therefore the documentation suggests using it to smuggle a pointer to the callback.
+        overlapped.hEvent = &mut async_result as *mut _ as *mut _;
+
+        // Asynchronous read of the pipe.
+        // If successful, `callback` will be called once it completes.
+        let result = io(self.inner.as_handle(), buf, len, &mut overlapped, callback);
+        if result == c::FALSE {
+            // We can return here because the call failed.
+            // After this we must not return until the I/O completes.
+            return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
+        }
+
+        // Wait indefinitely for the result.
+        let result = loop {
+            // STEP 2: Enter an alertable state.
+            // The second parameter of `SleepEx` is used to make this sleep alertable.
+            c::SleepEx(c::INFINITE, c::TRUE);
+            if let Some(result) = async_result {
+                break result;
+            }
+        };
+        // STEP 4: Return the result.
+        // `async_result` is always `Some` at this point
+        match result.error {
+            c::ERROR_SUCCESS => Ok(result.transfered as usize),
+            error => Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(error as _)),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn read2(p1: AnonPipe, v1: &mut Vec<u8>, p2: AnonPipe, v2: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<()> {