Introduce HirId, a replacement for NodeId after lowering to HIR.

HirId has a more stable representation than NodeId, meaning that
modifications to one item don't influence (part of) the IDs within
other items. The other part is a DefIndex for which there already
is a way of stable hashing and persistence.

This commit introduces the HirId type and generates a HirId for
every NodeId during HIR lowering, but the resulting values are
not yet used anywhere, except in consistency checks.