[BUG] The "salt" user login shell should be /usr/sbin/nologin on Debian

[clayoster]

Description
The default location of "nologin" on Debian distributions is /usr/sbin/nologin. Debian 10 and newer also include /sbin/nologin, but if a server started on Debian 9 (or older) and was upgraded to the current release the /sbin/nologin file does not exist.

In Salt 3006, this can lead to a situation where attempting to start the salt-master in the foreground for debugging purposes (salt-master -l debug) causes an error because the "salt" user's login shell does not exist.

root@salt:~# getent passwd salt
salt:x:993:116:Salt:/opt/saltstack/salt:/sbin/nologin
root@salt:~# ls -l /sbin/nologin
ls: cannot access '/sbin/nologin': No such file or directory
root@salt:~# ls -l /usr/sbin/nologin
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14488 Feb  7  2020 /usr/sbin/nologin

[ERROR   ] An un-handled exception was caught by Salt's global exception handler:
CommandExecutionError: The shell /sbin/nologin is not available
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/salt-master", line 11, in <module>
    sys.exit(salt_master())
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/scripts.py", line 89, in salt_master
    master.start()
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/cli/daemons.py", line 204, in start
    self.master.start()
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/master.py", line 723, in start
    chan = salt.channel.server.PubServerChannel.factory(opts)
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/channel/server.py", line 721, in factory
    return cls(opts, transport, presence_events=presence_events)
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/channel/server.py", line 727, in __init__
    self.aes_funcs = salt.master.AESFuncs(self.opts)
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/master.py", line 1233, in __init__
    self.mminion = salt.minion.MasterMinion(
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/minion.py", line 974, in __init__
    self.opts = salt.config.mminion_config(
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/config/__init__.py", line 2328, in mminion_config
    opts["grains"] = salt.loader.grains(opts)
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/loader/__init__.py", line 1116, in grains
    ret = funcs[key]()
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/loader/lazy.py", line 149, in __call__
    return self.loader.run(run_func, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/loader/lazy.py", line 1232, in run
    return self._last_context.run(self._run_as, _func_or_method, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/loader/lazy.py", line 1247, in _run_as
    return _func_or_method(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/grains/core.py", line 2665, in os_data
    grains["osarch"] = _osarch(grains.get("os_family"), grains.get("cpuarch"))
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/grains/core.py", line 2369, in _osarch
    return __salt__["cmd.run"]("dpkg --print-architecture").strip()
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/modules/cmdmod.py", line 955, in _run_quiet
    return _run(
  File "/opt/saltstack/salt/lib/python3.10/site-packages/salt/modules/cmdmod.py", line 372, in _run
    raise CommandExecutionError(msg)
salt.exceptions.CommandExecutionError: The shell /sbin/nologin is not available

This was noticed while troubleshooting a few configuration issues with my salt master after upgrading from 3005 to 3006. The server had started out on Debian 9 and had been upgraded to 10 and then 11 over time. I have checked ~100 other Debian 11 servers and found that /sbin/nologin was missing from every one that had begun on Debian 9 or older.

Setup

• on-prem machine
• VM (VMware and KVM)
• VM running on a cloud service, please be explicit and add details
• container (LXC)
• or a combination, please be explicit
• jails if it is FreeBSD
• classic packaging
• onedir packaging
• used bootstrap to install

The Salt Master server was built on Debian 9 and upgraded from 9 > 10 > 11 and has a simple gitfs setup.

/etc/salt/master.d/main.conf

state_verbose: False

fileserver_backend:
  - roots
  - git

gitfs_remotes:
  - [email protected]:saltstack/data.git:
    - privkey: /opt/saltstack/salt/.ssh/id_rsa
    - pubkey: /opt/saltstack/salt/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
  - [email protected]:saltstack/states.git:
    - privkey: /opt/saltstack/salt/.ssh/id_rsa
    - pubkey: /opt/saltstack/salt/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

ext_pillar:
  - git:
    - master [email protected]:saltstack/pillar.git:
      - privkey: /opt/saltstack/salt/.ssh/id_rsa
      - pubkey: /opt/saltstack/salt/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt

Steps to Reproduce the behavior
To reproduce, I performed a clean install of Debian 9 on a KVM virtual machine, then upgraded from 9 > 10 > 11. I installed the salt-master package (3006.1) with the default configuration and then attempting to run the salt-master process in the foreground (salt-master -l debug).

Expected behavior
Clean startup of salt-master -l debug with no error about a missing login shell

Versions Report

salt --versions-report

```yaml Salt Version: Salt: 3006.1

Python Version:
Python: 3.10.11 (main, May 5 2023, 02:31:54) [GCC 11.2.0]

Dependency Versions:
cffi: 1.14.6
cherrypy: unknown
dateutil: 2.8.1
docker-py: Not Installed
gitdb: Not Installed
gitpython: Not Installed
Jinja2: 3.1.2
libgit2: Not Installed
looseversion: 1.0.2
M2Crypto: Not Installed
Mako: Not Installed
msgpack: 1.0.2
msgpack-pure: Not Installed
mysql-python: Not Installed
packaging: 22.0
pycparser: 2.21
pycrypto: Not Installed
pycryptodome: 3.9.8
pygit2: Not Installed
python-gnupg: 0.4.8
PyYAML: 5.4.1
PyZMQ: 23.2.0
relenv: 0.12.3
smmap: Not Installed
timelib: 0.2.4
Tornado: 4.5.3
ZMQ: 4.3.4

System Versions:
dist: debian 11 bullseye
locale: utf-8
machine: x86_64
release: 5.10.0-23-amd64
system: Linux
version: Debian GNU/Linux 11 bullseye

</details>

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[Ch3LL]

closed by #64378