MariaDB support + dependencies update

[mateuszgorniak]

This PR introduces the following changes:

• DatabaseEngine Class: Enhanced logic to better determine the database engine in use. Added support for the trilogy adapter, which is available for Ruby on Rails applications starting from version 7.1.
• MariaDB Support: Implemented a proper timeout statement format to ensure full compatibility with MariaDB. This change addresses this issue and should also simplify handling similar cases in the future.
• Ruby Version Unification: Updated CI workflows and gem configurations to consistently use the latest releases in the Ruby 3.2.x and 3.3.x branches (with preference for the 3.3.x branch).
• Minor Readability Improvements: Made several small tweaks, including reordering the OPTIONS array, updating dependencies (Ruby, gems, and the PSQL version for GitHub Action workflows), making minor updates to the README file, and removing unused methods from the codebase.

[skcc321]

Great PR @mateuszgorniak!
Thank you for your contribution.