TransactionScheduler: Schedule Filter

[apfitzge]

Problem

#34233 will filter transactions out before we become leader, but we still may receive filterable transactions during or very close to our leader slot.
We should be filtering these out before prio-graph insertion, so they do not block other transactions.

Summary of Changes

• Add a generic filter to PrioGraph::schedule
• Call Bank::check_transactions inside filter
• Add filter count and time metrics
• For efficiency in filter, do batched pops from the container to prio-graph

Fixes #

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #34252 (5ac9074) into master (e949ef9) will decrease coverage by 0.1%.
Report is 6 commits behind head on master.
The diff coverage is 94.8%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##           master   #34252     +/-   ##
=========================================
- Coverage    81.9%    81.9%   -0.1%     
=========================================
  Files         819      819             
  Lines      219756   219814     +58     
=========================================
+ Hits       180115   180131     +16     
- Misses      39641    39683     +42     

[tao-stones]

lgtm