internal: Add and use a generic pool instead of using sync.Pool directly

buffer/pool.go

@@ -20,25 +20,29 @@
 
 package buffer
 
-import "sync"
+import (
+	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/pool"
+)
 
 // A Pool is a type-safe wrapper around a sync.Pool.
 type Pool struct {
-	p *sync.Pool
+	p *pool.Pool[*Buffer]
 }
 
 // NewPool constructs a new Pool.
 func NewPool() Pool {
-	return Pool{p: &sync.Pool{
-		New: func() interface{} {
-			return &Buffer{bs: make([]byte, 0, _size)}
-		},
-	}}
+	return Pool{
+		p: pool.New(func() *Buffer {
+			return &Buffer{
+				bs: make([]byte, 0, _size),
+			}
+		}),
+	}
 }
 
 // Get retrieves a Buffer from the pool, creating one if necessary.
 func (p Pool) Get() *Buffer {
-	buf := p.p.Get().(*Buffer)
+	buf := p.p.Get()
 	buf.Reset()
 	buf.pool = p
 	return buf

error.go

@@ -21,14 +21,13 @@
 package zap
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
+	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/pool"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )
 
-var _errArrayElemPool = sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} {
+var _errArrayElemPool = pool.New(func() *errArrayElem {
 	return &errArrayElem{}
-}}
+})
 
 // Error is shorthand for the common idiom NamedError("error", err).
 func Error(err error) Field {
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ func (errs errArray) MarshalLogArray(arr zapcore.ArrayEncoder) error {
 		// potentially an "errorVerbose" attribute, we need to wrap it in a
 		// type that implements LogObjectMarshaler. To prevent this from
 		// allocating, pool the wrapper type.
-		elem := _errArrayElemPool.Get().(*errArrayElem)
+		elem := _errArrayElemPool.Get()
 		elem.error = errs[i]
 		arr.AppendObject(elem)
 		elem.error = nil

internal/pool/pool.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 Uber Technologies, Inc.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// Package pool provides internal pool utilities.
+package pool
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// A Pool is a generic wrapper around [sync.Pool] to provide strongly-typed
+// object pooling.
+//
+// Note that SA6002 (ref: https://staticcheck.io/docs/checks/#SA6002) will
+// not be detected, so all internal pool use must take care to only store
+// pointer types.
+type Pool[T any] struct {
+	pool sync.Pool
+}
+
+// New returns a new [Pool] for T, and will use fn to construct new Ts when
+// the pool is empty.
+func New[T any](fn func() T) *Pool[T] {
+	return &Pool[T]{
+		pool: sync.Pool{
+			New: func() any {
+				return fn()
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// Get gets a T from the pool, or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
+func (p *Pool[T]) Get() T {
+	return p.pool.Get().(T)
+}
+
+// Put returns x into the pool.
+func (p *Pool[T]) Put(x T) {
+	p.pool.Put(x)
+}

internal/pool/pool_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 Uber Technologies, Inc.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+package pool_test
+
+import (
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/pool"
+)
+
+type pooledValue[T any] struct {
+	value T
+}
+
+func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
+	// Disable GC to avoid the victim cache during the test.
+	defer debug.SetGCPercent(debug.SetGCPercent(-1))
+
+	p := pool.New(func() *pooledValue[string] {
+		return &pooledValue[string]{
+			value: "new",
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Probabilistically, 75% of sync.Pool.Put calls will succeed when -race
+	// is enabled (see ref below); attempt to make this quasi-deterministic by
+	// brute force (i.e., put significantly more objects in the pool than we
+	// will need for the test) in order to avoid testing without race enabled.
+	//
+	// ref: https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/refs/tags/go1.20.2:src/sync/pool.go;l=100-103
+	for i := 0; i < 1_000; i++ {
+		p.Put(&pooledValue[string]{
+			value: t.Name(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Ensure that we always get the expected value. Note that this must only
+	// run a fraction of the number of times that Put is called above.
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		func() {
+			x := p.Get()
+			defer p.Put(x)
+			require.Equal(t, t.Name(), x.value)
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Depool all objects that might be in the pool to ensure that it's empty.
+	for i := 0; i < 1_000; i++ {
+		p.Get()
+	}
+
+	// Now that the pool is empty, it should use the value specified in the
+	// underlying sync.Pool.New func.
+	require.Equal(t, "new", p.Get().value)
+}
+
+func TestNew_Race(t *testing.T) {
+	p := pool.New(func() *pooledValue[int] {
+		return &pooledValue[int]{
+			value: -1,
+		}
+	})
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	defer wg.Wait()
+
+	// Run a number of goroutines that read and write pool object fields to
+	// tease out races.
+	for i := 0; i < 1_000; i++ {
+		i := i
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			x := p.Get()
+			defer p.Put(x)
+
+			// Must both read and write the field.
+			if n := x.value; n >= -1 {
+				x.value = i
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+}

stacktrace.go

@@ -22,19 +22,17 @@ package zap
 
 import (
 	"runtime"
-	"sync"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap/buffer"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/bufferpool"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/pool"
 )
 
-var _stacktracePool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
-		return &stacktrace{
-			storage: make([]uintptr, 64),
-		}
-	},
-}
+var _stacktracePool = pool.New(func() *stacktrace {
+	return &stacktrace{
+		storage: make([]uintptr, 64),
+	}
+})
 
 type stacktrace struct {
 	pcs    []uintptr // program counters; always a subslice of storage
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ const (
 //
 // The caller must call Free on the returned stacktrace after using it.
 func captureStacktrace(skip int, depth stacktraceDepth) *stacktrace {
-	stack := _stacktracePool.Get().(*stacktrace)
+	stack := _stacktracePool.Get()
 
 	switch depth {
 	case stacktraceFirst:

zapcore/console_encoder.go

@@ -22,20 +22,20 @@ package zapcore
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap/buffer"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/bufferpool"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/pool"
 )
 
-var _sliceEncoderPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
-		return &sliceArrayEncoder{elems: make([]interface{}, 0, 2)}
-	},
-}
+var _sliceEncoderPool = pool.New(func() *sliceArrayEncoder {
+	return &sliceArrayEncoder{
+		elems: make([]interface{}, 0, 2),
+	}
+})
 
 func getSliceEncoder() *sliceArrayEncoder {
-	return _sliceEncoderPool.Get().(*sliceArrayEncoder)
+	return _sliceEncoderPool.Get()
 }
 
 func putSliceEncoder(e *sliceArrayEncoder) {

zapcore/entry.go

@@ -24,25 +24,23 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/multierr"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/bufferpool"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/exit"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/pool"
 )
 
-var (
-	_cePool = sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} {
-		// Pre-allocate some space for cores.
-		return &CheckedEntry{
-			cores: make([]Core, 4),
-		}
-	}}
-)
+var _cePool = pool.New(func() *CheckedEntry {
+	// Pre-allocate some space for cores.
+	return &CheckedEntry{
+		cores: make([]Core, 4),
+	}
+})
 
 func getCheckedEntry() *CheckedEntry {
-	ce := _cePool.Get().(*CheckedEntry)
+	ce := _cePool.Get()
 	ce.reset()
 	return ce
 }

zapcore/error.go

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ package zapcore
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
-	"sync"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/pool"
 )
 
 // Encodes the given error into fields of an object. A field with the given
@@ -103,17 +104,17 @@ func (errs errArray) MarshalLogArray(arr ArrayEncoder) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-var _errArrayElemPool = sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} {
+var _errArrayElemPool = pool.New(func() *errArrayElem {
 	return &errArrayElem{}
-}}
+})
 
 // Encodes any error into a {"error": ...} re-using the same errors logic.
 //
 // May be passed in place of an array to build a single-element array.
 type errArrayElem struct{ err error }
 
 func newErrArrayElem(err error) *errArrayElem {
-	e := _errArrayElemPool.Get().(*errArrayElem)
+	e := _errArrayElemPool.Get()
 	e.err = err
 	return e
 }

zapcore/json_encoder.go

@@ -23,24 +23,20 @@ package zapcore
 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"math"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap/buffer"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/bufferpool"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/pool"
 )
 
 // For JSON-escaping; see jsonEncoder.safeAddString below.
 const _hex = "0123456789abcdef"
 
-var _jsonPool = sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} {
+var _jsonPool = pool.New(func() *jsonEncoder {
 	return &jsonEncoder{}
-}}
-
-func getJSONEncoder() *jsonEncoder {
-	return _jsonPool.Get().(*jsonEncoder)
-}
+})
 
 func putJSONEncoder(enc *jsonEncoder) {
 	if enc.reflectBuf != nil {
@@ -354,7 +350,7 @@ func (enc *jsonEncoder) Clone() Encoder {
 }
 
 func (enc *jsonEncoder) clone() *jsonEncoder {
-	clone := getJSONEncoder()
+	clone := _jsonPool.Get()
 	clone.EncoderConfig = enc.EncoderConfig
 	clone.spaced = enc.spaced
 	clone.openNamespaces = enc.openNamespaces