added part 8

book/part08.rst

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+Create your own framework... on top of the Symfony2 Components (part 8)
+=======================================================================
+
+Some watchful readers pointed out some subtle but nonetheless important bugs
+in the framework we have built yesterday. When creating a framework, you must
+be sure that it behaves as advertised. If not, all the applications based on
+it will exhibit the same bugs. The good news is that whenever you fix a bug,
+you are fixing a bunch of applications too.
+
+Today's mission is to write unit tests for the framework we have created by
+using `PHPUnit`_. Create a PHPUnit configuration file in
+``example.com/phpunit.xml.dist``:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+    <phpunit backupGlobals="false"
+             backupStaticAttributes="false"
+             colors="true"
+             convertErrorsToExceptions="true"
+             convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
+             convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
+             processIsolation="false"
+             stopOnFailure="false"
+             syntaxCheck="false"
+             bootstrap="vendor/.composer/autoload.php"
+    >
+        <testsuites>
+            <testsuite name="Test Suite">
+                <directory>./tests</directory>
+            </testsuite>
+        </testsuites>
+    </phpunit>
+
+This configuration defines sensible defaults for most PHPUnit settings; more
+interesting, the autoloader is used to bootstrap the tests, and tests will be
+stored under the ``example.com/tests/`` directory.
+
+Now, let's write a test for "not found" resources. To avoid the creation of
+all dependencies when writing tests and to really just unit-test what we want,
+we are going to use `test doubles`_. Test doubles are easier to create when we
+rely on interfaces instead of concrete classes. Fortunately, Symfony2 provides
+such interfaces for core objects like the URL matcher and the controller
+resolver. Modify the framework to make use of them::
+
+    <?php
+
+    // example.com/src/Simplex/Framework.php
+
+    namespace Simplex;
+
+    // ...
+
+    use Symfony\Component\Routing\Matcher\UrlMatcherInterface;
+    use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Controller\ControllerResolverInterface;
+
+    class Framework
+    {
+        protected $matcher;
+        protected $resolver;
+
+        public function __construct(UrlMatcherInterface $matcher, ControllerResolverInterface $resolver)
+        {
+            $this->matcher = $matcher;
+            $this->resolver = $resolver;
+        }
+
+        // ...
+    }
+
+We are now ready to write our first test::
+
+    <?php
+
+    // example.com/tests/Simplex/Tests/FrameworkTest.php
+
+    namespace Simplex\Tests;
+
+    use Simplex\Framework;
+    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
+    use Symfony\Component\Routing\Exception\ResourceNotFoundException;
+
+    class FrameworkTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
+    {
+        public function testNotFoundHandling()
+        {
+            $framework = $this->getFrameworkForException(new ResourceNotFoundException());
+
+            $response = $framework->handle(new Request());
+
+            $this->assertEquals(404, $response->getStatusCode());
+        }
+
+        protected function getFrameworkForException($exception)
+        {
+            $matcher = $this->getMock('Symfony\Component\Routing\Matcher\UrlMatcherInterface');
+            $matcher
+                ->expects($this->once())
+                ->method('match')
+                ->will($this->throwException($exception))
+            ;
+            $resolver = $this->getMock('Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Controller\ControllerResolverInterface');
+
+            return new Framework($matcher, $resolver);
+        }
+    }
+
+This test simulates a request that does not match any route. As such, the
+``match()`` method returns a ``ResourceNotFoundException`` exception and we
+are testing that our framework converts this exception to a 404 response.
+
+Executing this test is as simple as running ``phpunit`` from the
+``example.com`` directory:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ phpunit
+
+After the test ran, you should see a green bar. If not, you have a bug
+either in the test or in the framework code!
+
+Adding a unit test for any exception thrown in a controller is just as easy::
+
+    public function testErrorHandling()
+    {
+        $framework = $this->getFrameworkForException(new \RuntimeException());
+
+        $response = $framework->handle(new Request());
+
+        $this->assertEquals(500, $response->getStatusCode());
+    }
+
+Last, but not the least, let's write a test for when we actually have a proper
+Response::
+
+    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+    use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Controller\ControllerResolver;
+
+    public function testControllerResponse()
+    {
+        $matcher = $this->getMock('Symfony\Component\Routing\Matcher\UrlMatcherInterface');
+        $matcher
+            ->expects($this->once())
+            ->method('match')
+            ->will($this->returnValue(array(
+                '_route' => 'foo',
+                'name' => 'Fabien',
+                '_controller' => function ($name) {
+                    return new Response('Hello '.$name);
+                }
+            )))
+        ;
+        $resolver = new ControllerResolver();
+
+        $framework = new Framework($matcher, $resolver);
+
+        $response = $framework->handle(new Request());
+
+        $this->assertEquals(200, $response->getStatusCode());
+        $this->assertContains('Hello Fabien', $response->getContent());
+    }
+
+In this test, we simulate a route that matches and returns a simple
+controller. We check that the response status is 200 and that its content is
+the one we have set in the controller.
+
+To check that we have covered all possible use cases, run the PHPUnit test
+coverage feature (you need to enable `XDebug`_ first):
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    phpunit --coverage-html=cov/
+
+Open ``example.com/cov/src_Simplex_Framework.php.html`` in a browser and check
+that all the lines for the Framework class are green (it means that they have
+been visited when the tests were executed).
+
+Thanks to the simple object-oriented code that we have written so far, we have
+been able to write unit-tests to cover all possible use cases of our
+framework; test doubles ensured that we were actually testing our code and not
+Symfony2 code.
+
+Now that we are confident (again) about the code we have written, we can
+safely think about the next batch of features we want to add to our framework.
+
+.. _`PHPUnit`:      http://www.phpunit.de/manual/current/en/index.html
+.. _`test doubles`: http://www.phpunit.de/manual/current/en/test-doubles.html
+.. _`XDebug`:       http://xdebug.org/