PSR-11 compatible dependency injection container that is able to instantiate and configure classes resolving dependencies.
- PSR-11 compatible.
- Supports property injection, constructor injection and method injection.
- Detects circular references.
- Accepts array definitions. Could be used with mergeable configs.
- Provides autoload fallback for classes without explicit definition.
- Allows delegated lookup and has composite container.
- Supports aliasing.
- Supports service providers.
Usage of the DI container is fairly simple: You first initialize it with an array of definitions. The array keys are usually interface names. It will then use these definitions to create an object whenever that type is requested. This happens for example when fetching a type directly from the container somewhere in the application. But objects are also created implicitly if a definition has a dependency to another definition.
Usually a single container is used for the whole application. It is often
configured either in the entry script such as index.php or a configuration
file:
use Yiisoft\Di\Container;
$container = new Container($config);The configuration can be stored in a .php file that returns an array:
return [
EngineInterface::class => EngineMarkOne::class,
'full_definition' => [
'class' => EngineMarkOne::class,
'__construct()' => [42],
'$propertyName' => 'value',
'setX()' => [42],
],
'closure' => fn (SomeFactory $factory) => $factory->create('args'),
'static_call_preferred' => fn () => MyFactory::create('args'),
'static_call_supported' => [MyFactory::class, 'create'],
'object' => new MyClass(),
];As seen above an object can be defined in several ways:
- In the simple case an interface definition maps an id to a particular class.
- A full definition describes how to instantiate a class in more detail:
classcontains the name of the class to be instantiated.__construct()holds an array of constructor arguments.- The rest of the config are property values (prefixed with
$) and method calls, postfixed with(). They are set/called in the order they appear in the array.
- Closures are useful if instantiation is tricky and can better be described in code.
- If it is even more complicated, it is a good idea to move such code into a factory and reference it as a static call.
- While it is usually not a good idea, you can also set an already instantiated object into the container.
After the container is configured, dependencies can be obtained via get():
/** @var \Yiisoft\Di\Container $container */
$object = $container->get('interface_name');Note, however, that it is bad practice using a container directly. It is much better to rely on autowiring as provided by the Injector available from the yiisoft/injector package.
The DI container supports aliases via the
Yiisoft\Definitions\Reference class. This way objects can also be
retrieved by a more handy name:
use Yiisoft\Di\Container;
$container = new Container([
EngineInterface::class => EngineMarkOne::class,
'engine_one' => EngineInterface::class,
]);
$object = $container->get('engine_one');A composite container combines multiple containers in a single container. When using this approach, objects should only be fetched from the composite container.
use Yiisoft\Di\CompositeContainer;
use Yiisoft\Di\Container;
$composite = new CompositeContainer();
$carContainer = new Container([
EngineInterface::class => EngineMarkOne::class,
CarInterface::class => Car::class
], []);
$bikeContainer = new Container([
BikeInterface::class => Bike::class
], []);
$composite->attach($carContainer);
$composite->attach($bikeContainer);
// Returns an instance of a `Car` class.
$car = $composite->get(CarInterface::class);
// Returns an instance of a `Bike` class.
$bike = $composite->get(BikeInterface::class);Note, that containers attached later override dependencies of containers attached earlier.
use Yiisoft\Di\CompositeContainer;
use Yiisoft\Di\Container;
$composite = new CompositeContainer();
$carContainer = new Container([
EngineInterface::class => EngineMarkOne::class,
CarInterface::class => Car::class
], []);
$composite->attach($carContainer);
// Returns an instance of a `Car` class.
$car = $composite->get(CarInterface::class);
// Returns an instance of a `EngineMarkOne` class.
$engine = $car->getEngine();
$engineContainer = new Container([
EngineInterface::class => EngineMarkTwo::class,
], []);
$composite->attach($engineContainer);
// Returns an instance of a `Car` class.
$car = $composite->get(CarInterface::class);
// Returns an instance of a `EngineMarkTwo` class.
$engine = $composite->get(EngineInterface::class);A service provider is a special class that is responsible for providing complex services or groups of dependencies for the container and extensions of existing services.
A provider should extend from Yiisoft\Di\ServiceProviderInterface and must
contain a getDefinitions() and getExtensions() methods. It should only provide services for the container
and therefore should only contain code that is related to this task. It should never
implement any business logic or other functionality such as environment bootstrap or applying changes to database.
A typical service provider could look like:
use Yiisoft\Di\Container;
use Yiisoft\Di\ServiceProviderInterface;
class CarFactoryProvider extends ServiceProviderInterface
{
public function getDefinitions(): array
{
return [
CarFactory::class => [
'class' => CarFactory::class,
'$color' => 'red',
],
EngineInterface::class => SolarEngine::class,
WheelInterface::class => [
'class' => Wheel::class,
'$color' => 'black',
],
CarInterface::class => [
'class' => BMW::class,
'$model' => 'X5',
],
];
}
public function getExtensions(): array
{
return [
// Note that Garage should already be defined in container
Garage::class => function(ContainerInterface $container, Garage $garage) {
$car = $container->get(CarFactory::class)->create();
$garage->setCar($car);
return $garage;
}
];
}
}Here we created a service provider responsible for bootstrapping of a car factory with all its dependencies.
An extension is a callable that returns a modified service object. In our case we get existing Garage service
and put a car into the garage by calling the method setCar(). Thus, before applying this provider, we had
an empty garage and with the help of the extension we fill it.
To add this service provider to a container you can pass either its class or a
configuration array in the $providers constructor parameter:
use Yiisoft\Di\Container;
$container = new Container($config, [
CarFactoryProvider::class,
]);When a service provider is added, its getDefinitions() and getExtensions() methods are called
immediately both services and their extensions get registered into the container.
You can tag services in the following way:
$container = new Container([
BlueCarService::class => [
'class' => BlueCarService::class,
'tags' => ['car'],
],
RedCarService::class => [
'definition' => fn () => new RedCarService(),
'tags' => ['car'],
],
]);Now we can get tagged services from the container in the following way:
$container->get('tag@car');The result is an array that contains two instances: BlueCarService and RedCarService.
Another way to tag services is setting tags via container constructor:
$container = new Container(
[
BlueCarService::class => [
'class' => BlueCarService::class,
],
RedCarService::class => fn () => new RedCarService(),
],
[],
[
'car' => [BlueCarService::class, RedCarService::class]
]
);Despite stateful services is not a great practice, these are inevitable in many cases. When you build long-running
applications with tools like Swoole or RoadRunner you should
reset the state of such services every request. For this purpose you can use StateResetter. The way state is reset
is defined for each individual service by providing "reset" callback in the following way:
$container = new Container([
EngineInterface::class => EngineMarkOne::class,
EngineMarkOne::class => [
'class' => EngineMarkOne::class,
'setNumber()' => [42],
'reset' => function () {
$this->number = 42;
},
],
]);The callback has access to the private and protected properties of the service instance, so you can set initial state of the service efficiently without creating a new instance.
The reset itself should be triggered after each request-response cycle. For RoadRunner it would look like the following:
while ($request = $psr7->acceptRequest()) {
$response = $application->handle($request);
$psr7->respond($response);
$application->afterEmit($response);
$container->get(\Yiisoft\Di\StateResetter::class)->reset();
gc_collect_cycles();
}In case you use Yii DI composite container with a third party container that does not support state reset natively, state resetter could be configured separately. The following example is PHP-DI:
MyServiceInterface::class => function () {
// ...
},
StateResetter::class => function () {
$resetter = new StateResetter();
$resetter->setResetters([
MyServiceInterface::class => function () {
$this->reset(); // a method of MyServiceInterface
},
]);
return $resetter;
}To run benchmarks execute the next command
composer require phpbench/phpbench
$ ./vendor/bin/phpbench run
Note: Only works for php 7.4.
Result example
\Yiisoft\Di\Tests\Benchmark\ContainerBench
benchConstructStupid....................I4 [μ Mo]/r: 438.566 435.190 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 9.080μs 2.07%
benchConstructSmart.....................I4 [μ Mo]/r: 470.958 468.942 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 2.848μs 0.60%
benchSequentialLookups # 0..............R5 I4 [μ Mo]/r: 2,837.000 2,821.636 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 34.123μs 1.20%
benchSequentialLookups # 1..............R1 I0 [μ Mo]/r: 12,253.600 12,278.859 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 69.087μs 0.56%
benchRandomLookups # 0..................R5 I4 [μ Mo]/r: 3,142.200 3,111.290 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 87.639μs 2.79%
benchRandomLookups # 1..................R1 I2 [μ Mo]/r: 13,298.800 13,337.170 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 103.891μs 0.78%
benchRandomLookupsComposite # 0.........R1 I3 [μ Mo]/r: 3,351.600 3,389.104 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 72.516μs 2.16%
benchRandomLookupsComposite # 1.........R1 I4 [μ Mo]/r: 13,528.200 13,502.881 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 99.997μs 0.74%
\Yiisoft\Di\Tests\Benchmark\ContainerMethodHasBench
benchPredefinedExisting.................R1 I4 [μ Mo]/r: 0.115 0.114 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 0.001μs 1.31%
benchUndefinedExisting..................R5 I4 [μ Mo]/r: 0.436 0.432 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 0.008μs 1.89%
benchUndefinedNonexistent...............R5 I4 [μ Mo]/r: 0.946 0.942 (μs) [μSD μRSD]/r: 0.006μs 0.59%
8 subjects, 55 iterations, 5,006 revs, 0 rejects, 0 failures, 0 warnings
(best [mean mode] worst) = 0.113 [4,483.856 4,486.051] 0.117 (μs)
⅀T: 246,612.096μs μSD/r 43.563μs μRSD/r: 1.336%
Warning! These summary statistics can be misleading. You should always verify the individual subject statistics before drawing any conclusions.
Legend
- μ: Mean time taken by all iterations in variant.
- Mo: Mode of all iterations in variant.
- μSD: μ standard deviation.
- μRSD: μ relative standard deviation.
- best: Maximum time of all iterations (minimal of all iterations).
- mean: Mean time taken by all iterations.
- mode: Mode of all iterations.
- worst: Minimum time of all iterations (minimal of all iterations).
- Default report for all benchmarks that outputs the result to
CSV-file
$ ./vendor/bin/phpbench run --report=default --progress=dots --output=csv_file
Generated MD-file example
benchmark subject set revs iter mem_peak time_rev comp_z_value comp_deviation ContainerBench benchConstructStupid 0 1000 0 1,416,784b 210.938μs -1.48σ -1.1% ContainerBench benchConstructStupid 0 1000 1 1,416,784b 213.867μs +0.37σ +0.27% ContainerBench benchConstructStupid 0 1000 2 1,416,784b 212.890μs -0.25σ -0.18% ContainerBench benchConstructStupid 0 1000 3 1,416,784b 215.820μs +1.60σ +1.19% ContainerBench benchConstructStupid 0 1000 4 1,416,784b 212.891μs -0.25σ -0.18% ContainerBench benchConstructSmart 0 1000 0 1,426,280b 232.422μs -1.03σ -0.5% ContainerBench benchConstructSmart 0 1000 1 1,426,280b 232.422μs -1.03σ -0.5% ContainerBench benchConstructSmart 0 1000 2 1,426,280b 233.398μs -0.17σ -0.08% ContainerBench benchConstructSmart 0 1000 3 1,426,280b 234.375μs +0.69σ +0.33% ContainerBench benchConstructSmart 0 1000 4 1,426,280b 235.351μs +1.54σ +0.75% ... skipped........................ContainerMethodHasBench benchPredefinedExisting 0 1000 0 1,216,144b 81.055μs -0.91σ -1.19% ContainerMethodHasBench benchPredefinedExisting 0 1000 1 1,216,144b 83.985μs +1.83σ +2.38% ContainerMethodHasBench benchPredefinedExisting 0 1000 2 1,216,144b 82.032μs 0.00σ 0.00% ContainerMethodHasBench benchPredefinedExisting 0 1000 3 1,216,144b 82.031μs 0.00σ 0.00% ContainerMethodHasBench benchPredefinedExisting 0 1000 4 1,216,144b 81.055μs -0.91σ -1.19% ... skipped........................
Legend
- benchmark: Benchmark class.
- subject: Benchmark class method.
- set: Set of data (provided by ParamProvider).
- revs: Number of revolutions (represent the number of times that the code is executed).
- iter: Number of iteration.
- mem_peak: (mean) Peak memory used by iteration as retrieved by memory_get_peak_usage.
- time_rev: Mean time taken by all iterations in variant.
- comp_z_value: Z-score.
- comp_deviation: Relative deviation (margin of error).
- Aggregate report for the
lookupgroup that outputs the result toconsoleandCSV-file
$ ./vendor/bin/phpbench run --report=aggregate --progress=dots --output=csv_file --output=console --group=lookup
Notice
Available groups:
constructlookuphas
Generated MD-file example
benchmark subject set revs its mem_peak best mean mode worst stdev rstdev diff ContainerBench benchSequentialLookups 0 1000 5 1,454,024b 168.945μs 170.117μs 169.782μs 171.875μs 0.957μs 0.56% 1.00x ContainerBench benchSequentialLookups 1 1000 5 1,445,296b 3,347.656μs 3,384.961μs 3,390.411μs 3,414.062μs 21.823μs 0.64% 19.90x ContainerBench benchSequentialLookups 2 1000 5 1,445,568b 3,420.898μs 3,488.477μs 3,447.260μs 3,657.227μs 85.705μs 2.46% 20.51x ContainerBench benchRandomLookups 0 1000 5 1,454,024b 169.922μs 171.875μs 171.871μs 173.828μs 1.381μs 0.80% 1.01x ContainerBench benchRandomLookups 1 1000 5 1,445,296b 3,353.515μs 3,389.844μs 3,377.299μs 3,446.289μs 31.598μs 0.93% 19.93x ContainerBench benchRandomLookups 2 1000 5 1,445,568b 3,445.313μs 3,587.696μs 3,517.823μs 3,749.023μs 115.850μs 3.23% 21.09x ContainerBench benchRandomLookupsComposite 0 1000 5 1,454,032b 297.852μs 299.610μs 298.855μs 302.734μs 1.680μs 0.56% 1.76x ContainerBench benchRandomLookupsComposite 1 1000 5 1,445,880b 3,684.570μs 3,708.984μs 3,695.731μs 3,762.695μs 28.297μs 0.76% 21.80x ContainerBench benchRandomLookupsComposite 2 1000 5 1,446,152b 3,668.946μs 3,721.680μs 3,727.407μs 3,765.625μs 30.881μs 0.83% 21.88x
Legend
- benchmark: Benchmark class.
- subject: Benchmark class method.
- set: Set of data (provided by ParamProvider).
- revs: Number of revolutions (represent the number of times that the code is executed).
- its: Number of iterations (one measurement for each iteration).
- mem_peak: (mean) Peak memory used by each iteration as retrieved by memory_get_peak_usage.
- best: Maximum time of all iterations in variant.
- mean: Mean time taken by all iterations in variant.
- mode: Mode of all iterations in variant.
- worst: Minimum time of all iterations in variant.
- stdev: Standard deviation.
- rstdev: The relative standard deviation.
- diff: Difference between variants in a single group.
The Yii Dependency Injection is free software. It is released under the terms of the BSD License.
Please see LICENSE for more information.
Maintained by Yii Software.