Update workflows to Ubuntu 22.04

[PhilMiller]

The current supported release of Ubuntu is 22.04, and the later 24.04 is just entering beta. We don't want to fall too far behind.

Changes

• Update Linux OS image to Ubuntu 22.04
• Update CMake options to quiet distracting warnings during configuration
• Turn off Python for BMI C tests
• (not reflected in code) Regenerate cached .venv for new OS and Python versions

Checklist

• PR has an informative and human-readable title
• Changes are limited to a single goal (no scope creep)
• Code can be automatically merged (no conflicts)
• Code follows project standards (link if applicable)
• Passes all existing automated tests
• Any change in functionality is tested
• New functions are documented (with a description, list of inputs, and expected output)
• Placeholder code is flagged / future todos are captured in comments
• Project documentation has been updated (including the "Unreleased" section of the CHANGELOG)
• Reviewers requested with the Reviewers tool ➡️

Testing checklist (automated report can be put here)

1. CI is the sole focus of this change

Target Environment support

• Linux

[PhilMiller]

Happily, the compiler warnings and ASan failures we saw previously with Ubuntu 22.04 (#766) are now absent.

[PhilMiller]

This no longer causes trouble because Github staff merged a workaround to the images: actions/runner-images#9491 (comment)