perf: Improve hive partition pruning with datetime predicates from SQL

[nameexhaustion]

StatsEvaluator currently only works if the inputs are literals as it directly takes from the Expr -

• col('A') < lit(1) - [ok]
• col('A') < lit('2024-01-01').str.strptime(..) - [err]
  • This type of predicate is created by LazyFrame.sql() - as it does not have access to the IR context / schema during creation.

This PR adds an evaluate_inline to PhysicalExpr with some basic support for literals, casting and FuntionExprs. The function is intended to evaluate to Some(column) only if we consider the operation to be cheap:

• Cast / FunctionExpr will only evaluate if the input is of length 1, which is generally the case with literals in predicate expressions
• A depth_limit is used to protect against highly nested expressions
• Some PhysicalExprs also cache the result in a OnceLock - as they can be called multiple times from the stats evaluator

With this change the folllowing query should now be able to prune files on hive partitions:

• scan_parquet(...).sql("select * from self where hive_date1 < '2024-01-02'")

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 87.83784% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.74%. Comparing base (4b03406) to head (51ab112).
Report is 20 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/polars-expr/src/expressions/alias.rs	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-expr/src/expressions/binary.rs	81.81%	2 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-expr/src/expressions/literal.rs	91.66%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #19680   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   79.73%   79.74%           
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  Files        1541     1541           
  Lines      212227   212262   +35     
  Branches     2449     2449           
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+ Hits       169226   169259   +33     
- Misses      42446    42448    +2     
  Partials      555      555           

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[coastalwhite]

I like this. Maybe in the future we can add a general Context argument to this so that we can also deal with #19240 possibly.