feat: support asyncLocalStorage

[fengmk2]

pick from #1455
pick from #1718

Checklist

• I have ensured my pull request is not behind the main or master branch of the original repository.
• I have rebased all commits where necessary so that reviewing this pull request can be done without having to merge it first.
• I have written a commit message that passes commitlint linting.
• I have ensured that my code changes pass linting tests.
• I have ensured that my code changes pass unit tests.
• I have described my pull request and the reasons for code changes along with context if necessary.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Base: 99.60% // Head: 99.61% // Increases project coverage by +0.00% 🎉

Coverage data is based on head (a30f869) compared to base (d36e5f7).
Patch coverage: 100.00% of modified lines in pull request are covered.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             v2.x    #1721   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.60%   99.61%           
=======================================
  Files           5        5           
  Lines         508      520   +12     
  Branches      143      145    +2     
=======================================
+ Hits          506      518   +12     
  Misses          2        2           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
lib/application.js	98.47% <100.00%> (+0.15%)	⬆️

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[fengmk2]

> make -C benchmarks


  1 middleware 
  35897.62

  5 middleware 
  35746.13

  10 middleware 
  35301.83

  15 middleware 
  35013.68

  20 middleware 
  34659.48

  30 middleware 
  34392.32

  50 middleware 
  32751.03

  100 middleware 
  32041.21

  1 async middleware 
  34012.71

  5 async middleware 
  35437.67

  10 async middleware 
  34759.20

  15 async middleware 
  33877.35

  20 async middleware 
  32487.66

  30 async middleware 
  31547.37

  50 async middleware 
  26018.91

  100 async middleware 
  25044.55

  1 async middleware with asyncLocalStorage
  25236.60

  5 async middleware with asyncLocalStorage
  28190.28

  10 async middleware with asyncLocalStorage
  27993.33

  15 async middleware with asyncLocalStorage
  28634.36

  20 async middleware with asyncLocalStorage
  25402.22

  30 async middleware with asyncLocalStorage
  25973.56

  50 async middleware with asyncLocalStorage
  22281.10

  100 async middleware with asyncLocalStorage
  16808.98

[fengmk2]

https://github.com/koajs/koa/tree/benchmark-v2.x

[fengmk2]

2.14.0